1
00:01:04,540 --> 00:01:08,860

okay all right we'll continue with tap

2
00:01:08,860 --> 00:01:08,870
okay all right we'll continue with tap
 

3
00:01:08,870 --> 00:01:12,040
okay all right we'll continue with tap
threads and in case you're wondering

4
00:01:12,040 --> 00:01:12,050
threads and in case you're wondering
 

5
00:01:12,050 --> 00:01:14,200
threads and in case you're wondering
what page you were you're on those of

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00:01:14,200 --> 00:01:14,210
what page you were you're on those of
 

7
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what page you were you're on those of
you who have joined us for this session

8
00:01:16,630 --> 00:01:16,640
you who have joined us for this session
 

9
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you who have joined us for this session
this page should be page 926 and now

10
00:01:23,230 --> 00:01:23,240
this page should be page 926 and now
 

11
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this page should be page 926 and now
tapping as done with either by hand or

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tapping as done with either by hand or
 

13
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tapping as done with either by hand or
by machine and the bulk of the metal

14
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by machine and the bulk of the metal
 

15
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by machine and the bulk of the metal
those is taken out with the tap drill of

16
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those is taken out with the tap drill of
 

17
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those is taken out with the tap drill of
course which has a diameter equal to or

18
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course which has a diameter equal to or
 

19
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course which has a diameter equal to or
slightly greater than the root diameter

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slightly greater than the root diameter
 

21
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slightly greater than the root diameter
the thread and of course that we covered

22
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the thread and of course that we covered
 

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the thread and of course that we covered
the number of tempered threads and so on

24
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the number of tempered threads and so on
 

25
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the number of tempered threads and so on
and then the bottom tap one of the

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and then the bottom tap one of the
 

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and then the bottom tap one of the
things I wanted to mention there is that

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things I wanted to mention there is that
 

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things I wanted to mention there is that
I guess in some cases you have to even

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I guess in some cases you have to even
 

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I guess in some cases you have to even
take a they have the hundred and twenty

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take a they have the hundred and twenty
 

33
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take a they have the hundred and twenty
degree cone and I think on the bottom of

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degree cone and I think on the bottom of
 

35
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degree cone and I think on the bottom of
them and you have to grind it off I

36
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them and you have to grind it off I
 

37
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them and you have to grind it off I
think sometimes if you really want to

38
00:02:04,480 --> 00:02:04,490
think sometimes if you really want to
 

39
00:02:04,490 --> 00:02:06,160
think sometimes if you really want to
get all the way down to the bottom of

40
00:02:06,160 --> 00:02:06,170
get all the way down to the bottom of
 

41
00:02:06,170 --> 00:02:11,130
get all the way down to the bottom of
the hole now here's Acme threads and

42
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the hole now here's Acme threads and
 

43
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the hole now here's Acme threads and
those are kind of an oddball type but

44
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those are kind of an oddball type but
 

45
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those are kind of an oddball type but
nevertheless they've been around since

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nevertheless they've been around since
 

47
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nevertheless they've been around since
the 1800s and they're used for

48
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the 1800s and they're used for
 

49
00:02:18,530 --> 00:02:22,390
the 1800s and they're used for
transmitting power unlike on jacks and

50
00:02:22,390 --> 00:02:22,400
transmitting power unlike on jacks and
 

51
00:02:22,400 --> 00:02:26,250
transmitting power unlike on jacks and
reversing motions on machinery in fact

52
00:02:26,250 --> 00:02:26,260
reversing motions on machinery in fact
 

53
00:02:26,260 --> 00:02:29,530
reversing motions on machinery in fact
those of you who've ever leveled a house

54
00:02:29,530 --> 00:02:29,540
those of you who've ever leveled a house
 

55
00:02:29,540 --> 00:02:32,680
those of you who've ever leveled a house
or something with a house jack they are

56
00:02:32,680 --> 00:02:32,690
or something with a house jack they are
 

57
00:02:32,690 --> 00:02:35,860
or something with a house jack they are
Acme threads they're kind of a square

58
00:02:35,860 --> 00:02:35,870
Acme threads they're kind of a square
 

59
00:02:35,870 --> 00:02:39,759
Acme threads they're kind of a square
cut tape thread and scissors Jack's

60
00:02:39,759 --> 00:02:39,769
cut tape thread and scissors Jack's
 

61
00:02:39,769 --> 00:02:43,660
cut tape thread and scissors Jack's
sometimes have Acme threads on them they

62
00:02:43,660 --> 00:02:43,670
sometimes have Acme threads on them they
 

63
00:02:43,670 --> 00:02:47,020
sometimes have Acme threads on them they
have a general-purpose fit class of two

64
00:02:47,020 --> 00:02:47,030
have a general-purpose fit class of two
 

65
00:02:47,030 --> 00:02:49,539
have a general-purpose fit class of two
G 3G and 4G with two G being the

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00:02:49,539 --> 00:02:49,549
G 3G and 4G with two G being the
 

67
00:02:49,549 --> 00:02:51,539
G 3G and 4G with two G being the
sloppiest and four G the tightest and

68
00:02:51,539 --> 00:02:51,549
sloppiest and four G the tightest and
 

69
00:02:51,549 --> 00:02:54,340
sloppiest and four G the tightest and
they have a series of diameters and

70
00:02:54,340 --> 00:02:54,350
they have a series of diameters and
 

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00:02:54,350 --> 00:02:56,080
they have a series of diameters and
threads that are to be used whenever

72
00:02:56,080 --> 00:02:56,090
threads that are to be used whenever
 

73
00:02:56,090 --> 00:02:58,210
threads that are to be used whenever
possible and they call it centralizing

74
00:02:58,210 --> 00:02:58,220
possible and they call it centralizing
 

75
00:02:58,220 --> 00:03:00,910
possible and they call it centralizing
for the tolerances and have the three

76
00:03:00,910 --> 00:03:00,920
for the tolerances and have the three
 

77
00:03:00,920 --> 00:03:05,020
for the tolerances and have the three
three classes and the two see of course

78
00:03:05,020 --> 00:03:05,030
three classes and the two see of course
 

79
00:03:05,030 --> 00:03:07,000
three classes and the two see of course
is the the worst and the four C's the

80
00:03:07,000 --> 00:03:07,010
is the the worst and the four C's the
 

81
00:03:07,010 --> 00:03:08,650
is the the worst and the four C's the
best depending on what you want as far

82
00:03:08,650 --> 00:03:08,660
best depending on what you want as far
 

83
00:03:08,660 --> 00:03:10,590
best depending on what you want as far
as backlash or anything like that goes

84
00:03:10,590 --> 00:03:10,600
as backlash or anything like that goes
 

85
00:03:10,600 --> 00:03:15,819
as backlash or anything like that goes
and the same tolerance designations are

86
00:03:15,819 --> 00:03:15,829
and the same tolerance designations are
 

87
00:03:15,829 --> 00:03:16,440
and the same tolerance designations are
used for both

88
00:03:16,440 --> 00:03:16,450
used for both
 

89
00:03:16,450 --> 00:03:22,979
used for both
internal external threads now here they

90
00:03:22,979 --> 00:03:22,989
internal external threads now here they
 

91
00:03:22,989 --> 00:03:24,660
internal external threads now here they
are as you can see they're kind of a

92
00:03:24,660 --> 00:03:24,670
are as you can see they're kind of a
 

93
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are as you can see they're kind of a
square type thread very thick stubby and

94
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square type thread very thick stubby and
 

95
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square type thread very thick stubby and
transmit a lot of power and in this case

96
00:03:36,630 --> 00:03:36,640
transmit a lot of power and in this case
 

97
00:03:36,640 --> 00:03:38,190
transmit a lot of power and in this case
they really don't have much of a radius

98
00:03:38,190 --> 00:03:38,200
they really don't have much of a radius
 

99
00:03:38,200 --> 00:03:39,840
they really don't have much of a radius
in the bottom because they make them so

100
00:03:39,840 --> 00:03:39,850
in the bottom because they make them so
 

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in the bottom because they make them so
strong if they figure that they'll carry

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strong if they figure that they'll carry
 

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strong if they figure that they'll carry
a carry the load and of course there's

104
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a carry the load and of course there's
 

105
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a carry the load and of course there's
no there's no impact loads normally on

106
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no there's no impact loads normally on
 

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no there's no impact loads normally on
these because it's something that you're

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these because it's something that you're
 

109
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these because it's something that you're
turning so slowly that you don't

110
00:03:50,880 --> 00:03:50,890
turning so slowly that you don't
 

111
00:03:50,890 --> 00:03:54,600
turning so slowly that you don't
generate any impact loading then we go

112
00:03:54,600 --> 00:03:54,610
generate any impact loading then we go
 

113
00:03:54,610 --> 00:03:56,910
generate any impact loading then we go
to stub acne it's about the same thing

114
00:03:56,910 --> 00:03:56,920
to stub acne it's about the same thing
 

115
00:03:56,920 --> 00:03:59,160
to stub acne it's about the same thing
as the other one except that it has a

116
00:03:59,160 --> 00:03:59,170
as the other one except that it has a
 

117
00:03:59,170 --> 00:04:04,890
as the other one except that it has a
shorter height on the threads and the

118
00:04:04,890 --> 00:04:04,900
shorter height on the threads and the
 

119
00:04:04,900 --> 00:04:09,150
shorter height on the threads and the
seat this is the one I believe no it

120
00:04:09,150 --> 00:04:09,160
seat this is the one I believe no it
 

121
00:04:09,160 --> 00:04:12,150
seat this is the one I believe no it
isn't either I was thinking one of them

122
00:04:12,150 --> 00:04:12,160
isn't either I was thinking one of them
 

123
00:04:12,160 --> 00:04:14,850
isn't either I was thinking one of them
with a English and the Americans have a

124
00:04:14,850 --> 00:04:14,860
with a English and the Americans have a
 

125
00:04:14,860 --> 00:04:18,390
with a English and the Americans have a
different set up on it but they stub

126
00:04:18,390 --> 00:04:18,400
different set up on it but they stub
 

127
00:04:18,400 --> 00:04:24,270
different set up on it but they stub
acne is the regular is 0.5 pitch while

128
00:04:24,270 --> 00:04:24,280
acne is the regular is 0.5 pitch while
 

129
00:04:24,280 --> 00:04:28,500
acne is the regular is 0.5 pitch while
the stub is 0.3 and if you turn over you

130
00:04:28,500 --> 00:04:28,510
the stub is 0.3 and if you turn over you
 

131
00:04:28,510 --> 00:04:31,020
the stub is 0.3 and if you turn over you
can see the difference on the next table

132
00:04:31,020 --> 00:04:31,030
can see the difference on the next table
 

133
00:04:31,030 --> 00:04:32,760
can see the difference on the next table
you see it really just has shorter

134
00:04:32,760 --> 00:04:32,770
you see it really just has shorter
 

135
00:04:32,770 --> 00:04:37,409
you see it really just has shorter
threads on it in in this direction and

136
00:04:37,409 --> 00:04:37,419
threads on it in in this direction and
 

137
00:04:37,419 --> 00:04:38,940
threads on it in in this direction and
of course all the different thread

138
00:04:38,940 --> 00:04:38,950
of course all the different thread
 

139
00:04:38,950 --> 00:04:40,770
of course all the different thread
geometries and everything are on there

140
00:04:40,770 --> 00:04:40,780
geometries and everything are on there
 

141
00:04:40,780 --> 00:04:43,320
geometries and everything are on there
and the pitch diameter and all that you

142
00:04:43,320 --> 00:04:43,330
and the pitch diameter and all that you
 

143
00:04:43,330 --> 00:04:45,330
and the pitch diameter and all that you
can look up at your own leisure when you

144
00:04:45,330 --> 00:04:45,340
can look up at your own leisure when you
 

145
00:04:45,340 --> 00:04:48,659
can look up at your own leisure when you
feel that do you need something to help

146
00:04:48,659 --> 00:04:48,669
feel that do you need something to help
 

147
00:04:48,669 --> 00:04:55,230
feel that do you need something to help
your insomnia ah buttress threads they

148
00:04:55,230 --> 00:04:55,240
your insomnia ah buttress threads they
 

149
00:04:55,240 --> 00:04:57,600
your insomnia ah buttress threads they
have been around a long time too and

150
00:04:57,600 --> 00:04:57,610
have been around a long time too and
 

151
00:04:57,610 --> 00:04:59,310
have been around a long time too and
they're kind of special and they're used

152
00:04:59,310 --> 00:04:59,320
they're kind of special and they're used
 

153
00:04:59,320 --> 00:05:02,090
they're kind of special and they're used
where loading is in one direction

154
00:05:02,090 --> 00:05:02,100
where loading is in one direction
 

155
00:05:02,100 --> 00:05:05,400
where loading is in one direction
typical examples are airplane propeller

156
00:05:05,400 --> 00:05:05,410
typical examples are airplane propeller
 

157
00:05:05,410 --> 00:05:08,130
typical examples are airplane propeller
hubs columns were hydraulic presses and

158
00:05:08,130 --> 00:05:08,140
hubs columns were hydraulic presses and
 

159
00:05:08,140 --> 00:05:11,040
hubs columns were hydraulic presses and
breech assemblies of large guns they

160
00:05:11,040 --> 00:05:11,050
breech assemblies of large guns they
 

161
00:05:11,050 --> 00:05:13,260
breech assemblies of large guns they
have a flat angle on the the loading

162
00:05:13,260 --> 00:05:13,270
have a flat angle on the the loading
 

163
00:05:13,270 --> 00:05:15,840
have a flat angle on the the loading
side of only 7 degrees from the

164
00:05:15,840 --> 00:05:15,850
side of only 7 degrees from the
 

165
00:05:15,850 --> 00:05:18,330
side of only 7 degrees from the
perpendicular and in a pressure angle of

166
00:05:18,330 --> 00:05:18,340
perpendicular and in a pressure angle of
 

167
00:05:18,340 --> 00:05:22,219
perpendicular and in a pressure angle of
45 degrees and this is the one that the

168
00:05:22,219 --> 00:05:22,229
45 degrees and this is the one that the
 

169
00:05:22,229 --> 00:05:26,339
45 degrees and this is the one that the
British in the Americans differ on the

170
00:05:26,339 --> 00:05:26,349
British in the Americans differ on the
 

171
00:05:26,349 --> 00:05:29,320
British in the Americans differ on the
height of the threads

172
00:05:29,320 --> 00:05:29,330
height of the threads
 

173
00:05:29,330 --> 00:05:35,380
height of the threads
point four pitch and 6/10 pitch but with

174
00:05:35,380 --> 00:05:35,390
point four pitch and 6/10 pitch but with
 

175
00:05:35,390 --> 00:05:39,180
point four pitch and 6/10 pitch but with
us prefers the point four and the

176
00:05:39,180 --> 00:05:39,190
us prefers the point four and the
 

177
00:05:39,190 --> 00:05:42,780
us prefers the point four and the
British believe the use of the point six

178
00:05:42,780 --> 00:05:42,790
British believe the use of the point six
 

179
00:05:42,790 --> 00:05:45,100
British believe the use of the point six
now I'm sorry Americans use the point

180
00:05:45,100 --> 00:05:45,110
now I'm sorry Americans use the point
 

181
00:05:45,110 --> 00:05:46,680
now I'm sorry Americans use the point
six and the British use the point four

182
00:05:46,680 --> 00:05:46,690
six and the British use the point four
 

183
00:05:46,690 --> 00:05:52,120
six and the British use the point four
but anyway a guy pointed out an example

184
00:05:52,120 --> 00:05:52,130
but anyway a guy pointed out an example
 

185
00:05:52,130 --> 00:05:54,610
but anyway a guy pointed out an example
of these to me here while back that they

186
00:05:54,610 --> 00:05:54,620
of these to me here while back that they
 

187
00:05:54,620 --> 00:05:58,330
of these to me here while back that they
had a press in their plant that they had

188
00:05:58,330 --> 00:05:58,340
had a press in their plant that they had
 

189
00:05:58,340 --> 00:06:01,120
had a press in their plant that they had
to fix and he found that it had these

190
00:06:01,120 --> 00:06:01,130
to fix and he found that it had these
 

191
00:06:01,130 --> 00:06:03,190
to fix and he found that it had these
odd ball threads on it called buttress

192
00:06:03,190 --> 00:06:03,200
odd ball threads on it called buttress
 

193
00:06:03,200 --> 00:06:06,610
odd ball threads on it called buttress
threads and he knew that I was into

194
00:06:06,610 --> 00:06:06,620
threads and he knew that I was into
 

195
00:06:06,620 --> 00:06:08,020
threads and he knew that I was into
fasteners he said you ever hear a

196
00:06:08,020 --> 00:06:08,030
fasteners he said you ever hear a
 

197
00:06:08,030 --> 00:06:10,270
fasteners he said you ever hear a
butters threads down there I've heard of

198
00:06:10,270 --> 00:06:10,280
butters threads down there I've heard of
 

199
00:06:10,280 --> 00:06:12,070
butters threads down there I've heard of
them they're not very common and you see

200
00:06:12,070 --> 00:06:12,080
them they're not very common and you see
 

201
00:06:12,080 --> 00:06:13,750
them they're not very common and you see
there aren't kind of odd here here's

202
00:06:13,750 --> 00:06:13,760
there aren't kind of odd here here's
 

203
00:06:13,760 --> 00:06:15,970
there aren't kind of odd here here's
that seven degree angle on the pressure

204
00:06:15,970 --> 00:06:15,980
that seven degree angle on the pressure
 

205
00:06:15,980 --> 00:06:18,340
that seven degree angle on the pressure
face of them here now this is this is

206
00:06:18,340 --> 00:06:18,350
face of them here now this is this is
 

207
00:06:18,350 --> 00:06:22,450
face of them here now this is this is
two different pictures from a an suspect

208
00:06:22,450 --> 00:06:22,460
two different pictures from a an suspect
 

209
00:06:22,460 --> 00:06:27,240
two different pictures from a an suspect
I believe one shows threads with a

210
00:06:27,240 --> 00:06:27,250
I believe one shows threads with a
 

211
00:06:27,250 --> 00:06:31,000
I believe one shows threads with a
radius up here the other one shows

212
00:06:31,000 --> 00:06:31,010
radius up here the other one shows
 

213
00:06:31,010 --> 00:06:35,200
radius up here the other one shows
threads with no radius and they have

214
00:06:35,200 --> 00:06:35,210
threads with no radius and they have
 

215
00:06:35,210 --> 00:06:38,020
threads with no radius and they have
their use and the the thing about this

216
00:06:38,020 --> 00:06:38,030
their use and the the thing about this
 

217
00:06:38,030 --> 00:06:42,070
their use and the the thing about this
this guy found out with his press if you

218
00:06:42,070 --> 00:06:42,080
this guy found out with his press if you
 

219
00:06:42,080 --> 00:06:44,650
this guy found out with his press if you
want to fix them these are normally

220
00:06:44,650 --> 00:06:44,660
want to fix them these are normally
 

221
00:06:44,660 --> 00:06:48,940
want to fix them these are normally
machined cut on there's no no taps no

222
00:06:48,940 --> 00:06:48,950
machined cut on there's no no taps no
 

223
00:06:48,950 --> 00:06:51,460
machined cut on there's no no taps no
dice no nothing for them you have to fix

224
00:06:51,460 --> 00:06:51,470
dice no nothing for them you have to fix
 

225
00:06:51,470 --> 00:06:55,030
dice no nothing for them you have to fix
them yourself drain them in place now if

226
00:06:55,030 --> 00:06:55,040
them yourself drain them in place now if
 

227
00:06:55,040 --> 00:06:58,540
them yourself drain them in place now if
we go to cross-sectional areas for third

228
00:06:58,540 --> 00:06:58,550
we go to cross-sectional areas for third
 

229
00:06:58,550 --> 00:07:01,300
we go to cross-sectional areas for third
calculation you have different cross

230
00:07:01,300 --> 00:07:01,310
calculation you have different cross
 

231
00:07:01,310 --> 00:07:03,160
calculation you have different cross
sectional areas for tension and shear

232
00:07:03,160 --> 00:07:03,170
sectional areas for tension and shear
 

233
00:07:03,170 --> 00:07:06,640
sectional areas for tension and shear
stress calculations if a fastener is

234
00:07:06,640 --> 00:07:06,650
stress calculations if a fastener is
 

235
00:07:06,650 --> 00:07:08,620
stress calculations if a fastener is
loaded in shear with no threads in the

236
00:07:08,620 --> 00:07:08,630
loaded in shear with no threads in the
 

237
00:07:08,630 --> 00:07:10,390
loaded in shear with no threads in the
shear plane of the hole and the full

238
00:07:10,390 --> 00:07:10,400
shear plane of the hole and the full
 

239
00:07:10,400 --> 00:07:12,250
shear plane of the hole and the full
shank area can be used for the shear

240
00:07:12,250 --> 00:07:12,260
shank area can be used for the shear
 

241
00:07:12,260 --> 00:07:15,190
shank area can be used for the shear
stress calculations for tensile stress

242
00:07:15,190 --> 00:07:15,200
stress calculations for tensile stress
 

243
00:07:15,200 --> 00:07:17,530
stress calculations for tensile stress
you use a minimum area through the

244
00:07:17,530 --> 00:07:17,540
you use a minimum area through the
 

245
00:07:17,540 --> 00:07:19,210
you use a minimum area through the
threaded portion of fastener but it's

246
00:07:19,210 --> 00:07:19,220
threaded portion of fastener but it's
 

247
00:07:19,220 --> 00:07:22,710
threaded portion of fastener but it's
it's not a circle with a diameter of

248
00:07:22,710 --> 00:07:22,720
it's not a circle with a diameter of
 

249
00:07:22,720 --> 00:07:25,060
it's not a circle with a diameter of
equal to the minor diameter because

250
00:07:25,060 --> 00:07:25,070
equal to the minor diameter because
 

251
00:07:25,070 --> 00:07:28,810
equal to the minor diameter because
since you have a root on one side and

252
00:07:28,810 --> 00:07:28,820
since you have a root on one side and
 

253
00:07:28,820 --> 00:07:30,100
since you have a root on one side and
thread on the other side you get

254
00:07:30,100 --> 00:07:30,110
thread on the other side you get
 

255
00:07:30,110 --> 00:07:32,440
thread on the other side you get
slightly better benefit than that on the

256
00:07:32,440 --> 00:07:32,450
slightly better benefit than that on the
 

257
00:07:32,450 --> 00:07:36,070
slightly better benefit than that on the
diameter so so you get an effective

258
00:07:36,070 --> 00:07:36,080
diameter so so you get an effective
 

259
00:07:36,080 --> 00:07:38,080
diameter so so you get an effective
diameter this slightly larger and there

260
00:07:38,080 --> 00:07:38,090
diameter this slightly larger and there
 

261
00:07:38,090 --> 00:07:41,020
diameter this slightly larger and there
is a formula for calculating it there

262
00:07:41,020 --> 00:07:41,030
is a formula for calculating it there
 

263
00:07:41,030 --> 00:07:42,710
is a formula for calculating it there
are a number of formulas for

264
00:07:42,710 --> 00:07:42,720
are a number of formulas for
 

265
00:07:42,720 --> 00:07:46,880
are a number of formulas for
that goes but here is a common one in

266
00:07:46,880 --> 00:07:46,890
that goes but here is a common one in
 

267
00:07:46,890 --> 00:07:50,720
that goes but here is a common one in
which n is the threads per inch in the

268
00:07:50,720 --> 00:07:50,730
which n is the threads per inch in the
 

269
00:07:50,730 --> 00:07:53,000
which n is the threads per inch in the
English system and D is the shank

270
00:07:53,000 --> 00:07:53,010
English system and D is the shank
 

271
00:07:53,010 --> 00:07:55,490
English system and D is the shank
diameter so you have this is your

272
00:07:55,490 --> 00:07:55,500
diameter so you have this is your
 

273
00:07:55,500 --> 00:07:57,290
diameter so you have this is your
correction factor here for the fact

274
00:07:57,290 --> 00:07:57,300
correction factor here for the fact
 

275
00:07:57,300 --> 00:07:59,510
correction factor here for the fact
you're not using the full diameter of it

276
00:07:59,510 --> 00:07:59,520
you're not using the full diameter of it
 

277
00:07:59,520 --> 00:08:02,450
you're not using the full diameter of it
and then for metric fasteners you have

278
00:08:02,450 --> 00:08:02,460
and then for metric fasteners you have
 

279
00:08:02,460 --> 00:08:04,820
and then for metric fasteners you have
this for the correction factor where P

280
00:08:04,820 --> 00:08:04,830
this for the correction factor where P
 

281
00:08:04,830 --> 00:08:07,070
this for the correction factor where P
is is the thread pitch in millimeters

282
00:08:07,070 --> 00:08:07,080
is is the thread pitch in millimeters
 

283
00:08:07,080 --> 00:08:09,110
is is the thread pitch in millimeters
and D is the shank diameter in

284
00:08:09,110 --> 00:08:09,120
and D is the shank diameter in
 

285
00:08:09,120 --> 00:08:12,830
and D is the shank diameter in
millimeters so and in the appendices

286
00:08:12,830 --> 00:08:12,840
millimeters so and in the appendices
 

287
00:08:12,840 --> 00:08:14,570
millimeters so and in the appendices
which you people don't have but we'll be

288
00:08:14,570 --> 00:08:14,580
which you people don't have but we'll be
 

289
00:08:14,580 --> 00:08:17,960
which you people don't have but we'll be
getting later we have a derivation of

290
00:08:17,960 --> 00:08:17,970
getting later we have a derivation of
 

291
00:08:17,970 --> 00:08:21,440
getting later we have a derivation of
this tension formula for calculating the

292
00:08:21,440 --> 00:08:21,450
this tension formula for calculating the
 

293
00:08:21,450 --> 00:08:26,720
this tension formula for calculating the
cross sectional areas now here's a

294
00:08:26,720 --> 00:08:26,730
cross sectional areas now here's a
 

295
00:08:26,730 --> 00:08:28,880
cross sectional areas now here's a
little handy-dandy formula for

296
00:08:28,880 --> 00:08:28,890
little handy-dandy formula for
 

297
00:08:28,890 --> 00:08:32,089
little handy-dandy formula for
calculating thread pullout and this is

298
00:08:32,089 --> 00:08:32,099
calculating thread pullout and this is
 

299
00:08:32,099 --> 00:08:34,459
calculating thread pullout and this is
one that I've never seen in a textbook I

300
00:08:34,459 --> 00:08:34,469
one that I've never seen in a textbook I
 

301
00:08:34,469 --> 00:08:36,890
one that I've never seen in a textbook I
got it from some of the people I worked

302
00:08:36,890 --> 00:08:36,900
got it from some of the people I worked
 

303
00:08:36,900 --> 00:08:40,790
got it from some of the people I worked
with at Martin Marietta it's for

304
00:08:40,790 --> 00:08:40,800
with at Martin Marietta it's for
 

305
00:08:40,800 --> 00:08:43,850
with at Martin Marietta it's for
sheering off threads in a hole where

306
00:08:43,850 --> 00:08:43,860
sheering off threads in a hole where
 

307
00:08:43,860 --> 00:08:47,810
sheering off threads in a hole where
normally when you tap into a hole the

308
00:08:47,810 --> 00:08:47,820
normally when you tap into a hole the
 

309
00:08:47,820 --> 00:08:50,810
normally when you tap into a hole the
material you're tapping into is weaker

310
00:08:50,810 --> 00:08:50,820
material you're tapping into is weaker
 

311
00:08:50,820 --> 00:08:54,380
material you're tapping into is weaker
than the fastener so you're concerned

312
00:08:54,380 --> 00:08:54,390
than the fastener so you're concerned
 

313
00:08:54,390 --> 00:08:57,710
than the fastener so you're concerned
about how long the thread engagement you

314
00:08:57,710 --> 00:08:57,720
about how long the thread engagement you
 

315
00:08:57,720 --> 00:08:59,840
about how long the thread engagement you
have to have keep from pulling the thing

316
00:08:59,840 --> 00:08:59,850
have to have keep from pulling the thing
 

317
00:08:59,850 --> 00:09:04,540
have to have keep from pulling the thing
out so this this formula helps you to

318
00:09:04,540 --> 00:09:04,550
out so this this formula helps you to
 

319
00:09:04,550 --> 00:09:07,760
out so this this formula helps you to
conservatively arrive at that you have

320
00:09:07,760 --> 00:09:07,770
conservatively arrive at that you have
 

321
00:09:07,770 --> 00:09:10,579
conservatively arrive at that you have
pi times a mean diameter and the mean

322
00:09:10,579 --> 00:09:10,589
pi times a mean diameter and the mean
 

323
00:09:10,589 --> 00:09:14,000
pi times a mean diameter and the mean
diameter is usually a pitch diameter and

324
00:09:14,000 --> 00:09:14,010
diameter is usually a pitch diameter and
 

325
00:09:14,010 --> 00:09:16,760
diameter is usually a pitch diameter and
you have an allowable for your material

326
00:09:16,760 --> 00:09:16,770
you have an allowable for your material
 

327
00:09:16,770 --> 00:09:19,010
you have an allowable for your material
in shear whatever it is if you're

328
00:09:19,010 --> 00:09:19,020
in shear whatever it is if you're
 

329
00:09:19,020 --> 00:09:22,430
in shear whatever it is if you're
working with yield you put in the shear

330
00:09:22,430 --> 00:09:22,440
working with yield you put in the shear
 

331
00:09:22,440 --> 00:09:26,180
working with yield you put in the shear
yield allowable and if it's ultimate you

332
00:09:26,180 --> 00:09:26,190
yield allowable and if it's ultimate you
 

333
00:09:26,190 --> 00:09:27,860
yield allowable and if it's ultimate you
put in the ultimate allowable then the

334
00:09:27,860 --> 00:09:27,870
put in the ultimate allowable then the
 

335
00:09:27,870 --> 00:09:30,020
put in the ultimate allowable then the
length of engagement now that length of

336
00:09:30,020 --> 00:09:30,030
length of engagement now that length of
 

337
00:09:30,030 --> 00:09:32,300
length of engagement now that length of
engagement is a length of full thread

338
00:09:32,300 --> 00:09:32,310
engagement is a length of full thread
 

339
00:09:32,310 --> 00:09:36,260
engagement is a length of full thread
engagement the denominator has the 3 in

340
00:09:36,260 --> 00:09:36,270
engagement the denominator has the 3 in
 

341
00:09:36,270 --> 00:09:39,950
engagement the denominator has the 3 in
it if you were going to be totally

342
00:09:39,950 --> 00:09:39,960
it if you were going to be totally
 

343
00:09:39,960 --> 00:09:42,490
it if you were going to be totally
theoretical about it you had a perfectly

344
00:09:42,490 --> 00:09:42,500
theoretical about it you had a perfectly
 

345
00:09:42,500 --> 00:09:46,280
theoretical about it you had a perfectly
mated threads then that bigger could go

346
00:09:46,280 --> 00:09:46,290
mated threads then that bigger could go
 

347
00:09:46,290 --> 00:09:48,440
mated threads then that bigger could go
down as low as 2 because actually if you

348
00:09:48,440 --> 00:09:48,450
down as low as 2 because actually if you
 

349
00:09:48,450 --> 00:09:50,510
down as low as 2 because actually if you
visualize it for a moment what you're

350
00:09:50,510 --> 00:09:50,520
visualize it for a moment what you're
 

351
00:09:50,520 --> 00:09:52,940
visualize it for a moment what you're
doing you're pulling out a little

352
00:09:52,940 --> 00:09:52,950
doing you're pulling out a little
 

353
00:09:52,950 --> 00:09:56,519
doing you're pulling out a little
cylindrical shell and if you

354
00:09:56,519 --> 00:09:56,529
cylindrical shell and if you
 

355
00:09:56,529 --> 00:09:59,009
cylindrical shell and if you
things exactly at the pitch diameter so

356
00:09:59,009 --> 00:09:59,019
things exactly at the pitch diameter so
 

357
00:09:59,019 --> 00:10:02,399
things exactly at the pitch diameter so
the the external internal thread were

358
00:10:02,399 --> 00:10:02,409
the the external internal thread were
 

359
00:10:02,409 --> 00:10:05,399
the the external internal thread were
the same then you would be splitting

360
00:10:05,399 --> 00:10:05,409
the same then you would be splitting
 

361
00:10:05,409 --> 00:10:07,229
the same then you would be splitting
that little shell between the two of

362
00:10:07,229 --> 00:10:07,239
that little shell between the two of
 

363
00:10:07,239 --> 00:10:08,909
that little shell between the two of
them so this factor could go all the way

364
00:10:08,909 --> 00:10:08,919
them so this factor could go all the way
 

365
00:10:08,919 --> 00:10:10,709
them so this factor could go all the way
down to two but since threads don't make

366
00:10:10,709 --> 00:10:10,719
down to two but since threads don't make
 

367
00:10:10,719 --> 00:10:15,179
down to two but since threads don't make
that way the three is put in SA fudge

368
00:10:15,179 --> 00:10:15,189
that way the three is put in SA fudge
 

369
00:10:15,189 --> 00:10:18,599
that way the three is put in SA fudge
factors I have mentioned mentioned here

370
00:10:18,599 --> 00:10:18,609
factors I have mentioned mentioned here
 

371
00:10:18,609 --> 00:10:22,769
factors I have mentioned mentioned here
and there are some other methods given

372
00:10:22,769 --> 00:10:22,779
and there are some other methods given
 

373
00:10:22,779 --> 00:10:27,029
and there are some other methods given
in h28 mill handbook h28 for calculating

374
00:10:27,029 --> 00:10:27,039
in h28 mill handbook h28 for calculating
 

375
00:10:27,039 --> 00:10:32,129
in h28 mill handbook h28 for calculating
pull out and once again you can some of

376
00:10:32,129 --> 00:10:32,139
pull out and once again you can some of
 

377
00:10:32,139 --> 00:10:33,509
pull out and once again you can some of
them are a lot more complicated than

378
00:10:33,509 --> 00:10:33,519
them are a lot more complicated than
 

379
00:10:33,519 --> 00:10:35,369
them are a lot more complicated than
what I've done here what I've done if

380
00:10:35,369 --> 00:10:35,379
what I've done here what I've done if
 

381
00:10:35,379 --> 00:10:37,639
what I've done here what I've done if
you have a chance to do it will work so

382
00:10:37,639 --> 00:10:37,649
you have a chance to do it will work so
 

383
00:10:37,649 --> 00:10:41,489
you have a chance to do it will work so
you can go ahead and go with it now

384
00:10:41,489 --> 00:10:41,499
you can go ahead and go with it now
 

385
00:10:41,499 --> 00:10:45,709
you can go ahead and go with it now
moving into the fatigue resistant bolt

386
00:10:45,709 --> 00:10:45,719
moving into the fatigue resistant bolt
 

387
00:10:45,719 --> 00:10:49,679
moving into the fatigue resistant bolt
section of course people usually don't

388
00:10:49,679 --> 00:10:49,689
section of course people usually don't
 

389
00:10:49,689 --> 00:10:51,839
section of course people usually don't
even think about that and it gets them

390
00:10:51,839 --> 00:10:51,849
even think about that and it gets them
 

391
00:10:51,849 --> 00:10:55,409
even think about that and it gets them
in trouble but if you have cyclic

392
00:10:55,409 --> 00:10:55,419
in trouble but if you have cyclic
 

393
00:10:55,419 --> 00:10:59,249
in trouble but if you have cyclic
loading on a joint then you need to

394
00:10:59,249 --> 00:10:59,259
loading on a joint then you need to
 

395
00:10:59,259 --> 00:11:02,249
loading on a joint then you need to
minimize the stress risers created

396
00:11:02,249 --> 00:11:02,259
minimize the stress risers created
 

397
00:11:02,259 --> 00:11:05,849
minimize the stress risers created
during the manufacturing cycle and some

398
00:11:05,849 --> 00:11:05,859
during the manufacturing cycle and some
 

399
00:11:05,859 --> 00:11:08,099
during the manufacturing cycle and some
of these are the threads thread run out

400
00:11:08,099 --> 00:11:08,109
of these are the threads thread run out
 

401
00:11:08,109 --> 00:11:11,609
of these are the threads thread run out
thread Phillip radius and work hardening

402
00:11:11,609 --> 00:11:11,619
thread Phillip radius and work hardening
 

403
00:11:11,619 --> 00:11:16,249
thread Phillip radius and work hardening
through forming of the bolts so you also

404
00:11:16,249 --> 00:11:16,259
through forming of the bolts so you also
 

405
00:11:16,259 --> 00:11:20,489
through forming of the bolts so you also
have to monitor the installation the

406
00:11:20,489 --> 00:11:20,499
have to monitor the installation the
 

407
00:11:20,499 --> 00:11:23,759
have to monitor the installation the
bolt closely to minimize the cycling

408
00:11:23,759 --> 00:11:23,769
bolt closely to minimize the cycling
 

409
00:11:23,769 --> 00:11:25,549
bolt closely to minimize the cycling
modes and of course one of the things

410
00:11:25,549 --> 00:11:25,559
modes and of course one of the things
 

411
00:11:25,559 --> 00:11:28,919
modes and of course one of the things
that you do is this is one of the cases

412
00:11:28,919 --> 00:11:28,929
that you do is this is one of the cases
 

413
00:11:28,929 --> 00:11:31,859
that you do is this is one of the cases
in which Murphy can tighten them up

414
00:11:31,859 --> 00:11:31,869
in which Murphy can tighten them up
 

415
00:11:31,869 --> 00:11:37,349
in which Murphy can tighten them up
tight because with a particular knit to

416
00:11:37,349 --> 00:11:37,359
tight because with a particular knit to
 

417
00:11:37,359 --> 00:11:40,469
tight because with a particular knit to
be as tight as possible because it cuts

418
00:11:40,469 --> 00:11:40,479
be as tight as possible because it cuts
 

419
00:11:40,479 --> 00:11:44,489
be as tight as possible because it cuts
down on the cyclic loading now one of

420
00:11:44,489 --> 00:11:44,499
down on the cyclic loading now one of
 

421
00:11:44,499 --> 00:11:47,219
down on the cyclic loading now one of
the things you can use of course is the

422
00:11:47,219 --> 00:11:47,229
the things you can use of course is the
 

423
00:11:47,229 --> 00:11:49,649
the things you can use of course is the
cold fasteners with cold rolled threads

424
00:11:49,649 --> 00:11:49,659
cold fasteners with cold rolled threads
 

425
00:11:49,659 --> 00:11:54,599
cold fasteners with cold rolled threads
because that gives you the residual

426
00:11:54,599 --> 00:11:54,609
because that gives you the residual
 

427
00:11:54,609 --> 00:11:56,789
because that gives you the residual
compressive stresses in the thread

428
00:11:56,789 --> 00:11:56,799
compressive stresses in the thread
 

429
00:11:56,799 --> 00:12:01,229
compressive stresses in the thread
surfaces and it gives them more

430
00:12:01,229 --> 00:12:01,239
surfaces and it gives them more
 

431
00:12:01,239 --> 00:12:03,989
surfaces and it gives them more
particular resistance because the TIG

432
00:12:03,989 --> 00:12:03,999
particular resistance because the TIG
 

433
00:12:03,999 --> 00:12:08,219
particular resistance because the TIG
only works in tension so as long as you

434
00:12:08,219 --> 00:12:08,229
only works in tension so as long as you
 

435
00:12:08,229 --> 00:12:10,020
only works in tension so as long as you
keep things in compression

436
00:12:10,020 --> 00:12:10,030
keep things in compression
 

437
00:12:10,030 --> 00:12:12,720
keep things in compression
you're right it's just like with glass

438
00:12:12,720 --> 00:12:12,730
you're right it's just like with glass
 

439
00:12:12,730 --> 00:12:15,510
you're right it's just like with glass
they don't worry about cracks and glass

440
00:12:15,510 --> 00:12:15,520
they don't worry about cracks and glass
 

441
00:12:15,520 --> 00:12:17,430
they don't worry about cracks and glass
if it's in compression because doesn't

442
00:12:17,430 --> 00:12:17,440
if it's in compression because doesn't
 

443
00:12:17,440 --> 00:12:19,020
if it's in compression because doesn't
do anything it's just in tension well

444
00:12:19,020 --> 00:12:19,030
do anything it's just in tension well
 

445
00:12:19,030 --> 00:12:20,240
do anything it's just in tension well
it's the same same way here if you

446
00:12:20,240 --> 00:12:20,250
it's the same same way here if you
 

447
00:12:20,250 --> 00:12:23,880
it's the same same way here if you
fatigue is compression compression is

448
00:12:23,880 --> 00:12:23,890
fatigue is compression compression is
 

449
00:12:23,890 --> 00:12:25,380
fatigue is compression compression is
fine but tensions where it gets you in

450
00:12:25,380 --> 00:12:25,390
fine but tensions where it gets you in
 

451
00:12:25,390 --> 00:12:29,460
fine but tensions where it gets you in
trouble so some of these fasteners as I

452
00:12:29,460 --> 00:12:29,470
trouble so some of these fasteners as I
 

453
00:12:29,470 --> 00:12:32,370
trouble so some of these fasteners as I
mentioned earlier you actually have to

454
00:12:32,370 --> 00:12:32,380
mentioned earlier you actually have to
 

455
00:12:32,380 --> 00:12:35,190
mentioned earlier you actually have to
cold roll the threads in order to get it

456
00:12:35,190 --> 00:12:35,200
cold roll the threads in order to get it
 

457
00:12:35,200 --> 00:12:36,510
cold roll the threads in order to get it
up the strength that you want it so

458
00:12:36,510 --> 00:12:36,520
up the strength that you want it so
 

459
00:12:36,520 --> 00:12:39,150
up the strength that you want it so
that's a good fatigue bolt also the J

460
00:12:39,150 --> 00:12:39,160
that's a good fatigue bolt also the J
 

461
00:12:39,160 --> 00:12:41,100
that's a good fatigue bolt also the J
threads are better than regular threads

462
00:12:41,100 --> 00:12:41,110
threads are better than regular threads
 

463
00:12:41,110 --> 00:12:42,870
threads are better than regular threads
in fatigue because they have the larger

464
00:12:42,870 --> 00:12:42,880
in fatigue because they have the larger
 

465
00:12:42,880 --> 00:12:45,720
in fatigue because they have the larger
radius then here's one of the other

466
00:12:45,720 --> 00:12:45,730
radius then here's one of the other
 

467
00:12:45,730 --> 00:12:49,040
radius then here's one of the other
problems that you can run into that

468
00:12:49,040 --> 00:12:49,050
problems that you can run into that
 

469
00:12:49,050 --> 00:12:51,360
problems that you can run into that
people every once in a while forget

470
00:12:51,360 --> 00:12:51,370
people every once in a while forget
 

471
00:12:51,370 --> 00:12:54,990
people every once in a while forget
about is the elongation limits on

472
00:12:54,990 --> 00:12:55,000
about is the elongation limits on
 

473
00:12:55,000 --> 00:12:58,620
about is the elongation limits on
materials one of the rules of thumb on

474
00:12:58,620 --> 00:12:58,630
materials one of the rules of thumb on
 

475
00:12:58,630 --> 00:13:01,320
materials one of the rules of thumb on
designing of fasteners is don't use a

476
00:13:01,320 --> 00:13:01,330
designing of fasteners is don't use a
 

477
00:13:01,330 --> 00:13:04,680
designing of fasteners is don't use a
material at a strength level that has an

478
00:13:04,680 --> 00:13:04,690
material at a strength level that has an
 

479
00:13:04,690 --> 00:13:09,390
material at a strength level that has an
elongation below 10% because when you

480
00:13:09,390 --> 00:13:09,400
elongation below 10% because when you
 

481
00:13:09,400 --> 00:13:12,590
elongation below 10% because when you
get down below 10% your stress risers

482
00:13:12,590 --> 00:13:12,600
get down below 10% your stress risers
 

483
00:13:12,600 --> 00:13:15,960
get down below 10% your stress risers
become much more important as a matter

484
00:13:15,960 --> 00:13:15,970
become much more important as a matter
 

485
00:13:15,970 --> 00:13:19,590
become much more important as a matter
of fact h-11 tool steel which is used

486
00:13:19,590 --> 00:13:19,600
of fact h-11 tool steel which is used
 

487
00:13:19,600 --> 00:13:21,750
of fact h-11 tool steel which is used
for high strength fasteners you can get

488
00:13:21,750 --> 00:13:21,760
for high strength fasteners you can get
 

489
00:13:21,760 --> 00:13:23,460
for high strength fasteners you can get
in trouble and some of the aerospace

490
00:13:23,460 --> 00:13:23,470
in trouble and some of the aerospace
 

491
00:13:23,470 --> 00:13:25,770
in trouble and some of the aerospace
companies are backing off on using it at

492
00:13:25,770 --> 00:13:25,780
companies are backing off on using it at
 

493
00:13:25,780 --> 00:13:27,630
companies are backing off on using it at
the real high strength because of that

494
00:13:27,630 --> 00:13:27,640
the real high strength because of that
 

495
00:13:27,640 --> 00:13:30,030
the real high strength because of that
because it goes down about a 7 or 8

496
00:13:30,030 --> 00:13:30,040
because it goes down about a 7 or 8
 

497
00:13:30,040 --> 00:13:32,070
because it goes down about a 7 or 8
percent elongation and when you get down

498
00:13:32,070 --> 00:13:32,080
percent elongation and when you get down
 

499
00:13:32,080 --> 00:13:33,930
percent elongation and when you get down
that low then you can get brittle

500
00:13:33,930 --> 00:13:33,940
that low then you can get brittle
 

501
00:13:33,940 --> 00:13:39,510
that low then you can get brittle
failures now J threads as I mentioned

502
00:13:39,510 --> 00:13:39,520
failures now J threads as I mentioned
 

503
00:13:39,520 --> 00:13:43,829
failures now J threads as I mentioned
they're our batter and using countersunk

504
00:13:43,829 --> 00:13:43,839
they're our batter and using countersunk
 

505
00:13:43,839 --> 00:13:47,329
they're our batter and using countersunk
coursers under the heads to minimize the

506
00:13:47,329 --> 00:13:47,339
coursers under the heads to minimize the
 

507
00:13:47,339 --> 00:13:50,370
coursers under the heads to minimize the
washer contact with the Phillip radius

508
00:13:50,370 --> 00:13:50,380
washer contact with the Phillip radius
 

509
00:13:50,380 --> 00:13:53,430
washer contact with the Phillip radius
and then if you really want to get

510
00:13:53,430 --> 00:13:53,440
and then if you really want to get
 

511
00:13:53,440 --> 00:13:56,970
and then if you really want to get
sticky and have a super-duper for taking

512
00:13:56,970 --> 00:13:56,980
sticky and have a super-duper for taking
 

513
00:13:56,980 --> 00:14:00,950
sticky and have a super-duper for taking
tight bolt you can undercut the shank

514
00:14:00,950 --> 00:14:00,960
tight bolt you can undercut the shank
 

515
00:14:00,960 --> 00:14:04,920
tight bolt you can undercut the shank
down to the same diameter as the minor

516
00:14:04,920 --> 00:14:04,930
down to the same diameter as the minor
 

517
00:14:04,930 --> 00:14:07,230
down to the same diameter as the minor
diameter the threads and this does away

518
00:14:07,230 --> 00:14:07,240
diameter the threads and this does away
 

519
00:14:07,240 --> 00:14:09,690
diameter the threads and this does away
with your stress concentration on your

520
00:14:09,690 --> 00:14:09,700
with your stress concentration on your
 

521
00:14:09,700 --> 00:14:12,480
with your stress concentration on your
thread run out because you know having a

522
00:14:12,480 --> 00:14:12,490
thread run out because you know having a
 

523
00:14:12,490 --> 00:14:14,100
thread run out because you know having a
run out there because you just have a

524
00:14:14,100 --> 00:14:14,110
run out there because you just have a
 

525
00:14:14,110 --> 00:14:16,560
run out there because you just have a
smooth shank and when the thread runs

526
00:14:16,560 --> 00:14:16,570
smooth shank and when the thread runs
 

527
00:14:16,570 --> 00:14:19,110
smooth shank and when the thread runs
out it runs out on top of the thing more

528
00:14:19,110 --> 00:14:19,120
out it runs out on top of the thing more
 

529
00:14:19,120 --> 00:14:22,590
out it runs out on top of the thing more
or less so so that a undercut diameter

530
00:14:22,590 --> 00:14:22,600
or less so so that a undercut diameter
 

531
00:14:22,600 --> 00:14:23,319
or less so so that a undercut diameter
fastener

532
00:14:23,319 --> 00:14:23,329
fastener
 

533
00:14:23,329 --> 00:14:26,169
fastener
is better in fatigue than one a regular

534
00:14:26,169 --> 00:14:26,179
is better in fatigue than one a regular
 

535
00:14:26,179 --> 00:14:29,079
is better in fatigue than one a regular
fastener where the shank diameter is

536
00:14:29,079 --> 00:14:29,089
fastener where the shank diameter is
 

537
00:14:29,089 --> 00:14:35,710
fastener where the shank diameter is
normally equal to the major diameter of

538
00:14:35,710 --> 00:14:35,720
normally equal to the major diameter of
 

539
00:14:35,720 --> 00:14:40,150
normally equal to the major diameter of
the threads now the hardness of nut less

540
00:14:40,150 --> 00:14:40,160
the threads now the hardness of nut less
 

541
00:14:40,160 --> 00:14:46,720
the threads now the hardness of nut less
than bolt hardness that one can be very

542
00:14:46,720 --> 00:14:46,730
than bolt hardness that one can be very
 

543
00:14:46,730 --> 00:14:53,049
than bolt hardness that one can be very
much a problem in some cases since the

544
00:14:53,049 --> 00:14:53,059
much a problem in some cases since the
 

545
00:14:53,059 --> 00:14:56,169
much a problem in some cases since the
bolt load is initially reacted on the

546
00:14:56,169 --> 00:14:56,179
bolt load is initially reacted on the
 

547
00:14:56,179 --> 00:14:59,019
bolt load is initially reacted on the
first one or two threads and then has to

548
00:14:59,019 --> 00:14:59,029
first one or two threads and then has to
 

549
00:14:59,029 --> 00:15:01,210
first one or two threads and then has to
deform something in order to spread it

550
00:15:01,210 --> 00:15:01,220
deform something in order to spread it
 

551
00:15:01,220 --> 00:15:04,840
deform something in order to spread it
out you want your nut to be softer than

552
00:15:04,840 --> 00:15:04,850
out you want your nut to be softer than
 

553
00:15:04,850 --> 00:15:07,619
out you want your nut to be softer than
the bolt so you can spread your load out

554
00:15:07,619 --> 00:15:07,629
the bolt so you can spread your load out
 

555
00:15:07,629 --> 00:15:12,699
the bolt so you can spread your load out
and a rule of thumb is that the maximum

556
00:15:12,699 --> 00:15:12,709
and a rule of thumb is that the maximum
 

557
00:15:12,709 --> 00:15:16,059
and a rule of thumb is that the maximum
hardness of the nut should not exceed

558
00:15:16,059 --> 00:15:16,069
hardness of the nut should not exceed
 

559
00:15:16,069 --> 00:15:18,009
hardness of the nut should not exceed
the minimum hardness of the bolt and

560
00:15:18,009 --> 00:15:18,019
the minimum hardness of the bolt and
 

561
00:15:18,019 --> 00:15:20,949
the minimum hardness of the bolt and
that's even stretching it normally you

562
00:15:20,949 --> 00:15:20,959
that's even stretching it normally you
 

563
00:15:20,959 --> 00:15:24,009
that's even stretching it normally you
would want it to be for instance a

564
00:15:24,009 --> 00:15:24,019
would want it to be for instance a
 

565
00:15:24,019 --> 00:15:27,639
would want it to be for instance a
hundred and sixty ksi bolt you use a 125

566
00:15:27,639 --> 00:15:27,649
hundred and sixty ksi bolt you use a 125
 

567
00:15:27,649 --> 00:15:30,759
hundred and sixty ksi bolt you use a 125
145 nut on it in order to distribute the

568
00:15:30,759 --> 00:15:30,769
145 nut on it in order to distribute the
 

569
00:15:30,769 --> 00:15:34,629
145 nut on it in order to distribute the
load now this court case that I

570
00:15:34,629 --> 00:15:34,639
load now this court case that I
 

571
00:15:34,639 --> 00:15:36,039
load now this court case that I
mentioned to you earlier the chair

572
00:15:36,039 --> 00:15:36,049
mentioned to you earlier the chair
 

573
00:15:36,049 --> 00:15:39,329
mentioned to you earlier the chair
failure that was the thing that caused

574
00:15:39,329 --> 00:15:39,339
failure that was the thing that caused
 

575
00:15:39,339 --> 00:15:44,499
failure that was the thing that caused
that chair to fail was that they this

576
00:15:44,499 --> 00:15:44,509
that chair to fail was that they this
 

577
00:15:44,509 --> 00:15:46,749
that chair to fail was that they this
furniture manufacturers don't have too

578
00:15:46,749 --> 00:15:46,759
furniture manufacturers don't have too
 

579
00:15:46,759 --> 00:15:50,169
furniture manufacturers don't have too
many fatigue engineers on the job they

580
00:15:50,169 --> 00:15:50,179
many fatigue engineers on the job they
 

581
00:15:50,179 --> 00:15:51,699
many fatigue engineers on the job they
go out up the hardware store buy

582
00:15:51,699 --> 00:15:51,709
go out up the hardware store buy
 

583
00:15:51,709 --> 00:15:53,350
go out up the hardware store buy
whatever's cheapest and they bought the

584
00:15:53,350 --> 00:15:53,360
whatever's cheapest and they bought the
 

585
00:15:53,360 --> 00:15:55,269
whatever's cheapest and they bought the
bolts from one place and the nuts from

586
00:15:55,269 --> 00:15:55,279
bolts from one place and the nuts from
 

587
00:15:55,279 --> 00:15:57,729
bolts from one place and the nuts from
another place and this deformed thread

588
00:15:57,729 --> 00:15:57,739
another place and this deformed thread
 

589
00:15:57,739 --> 00:16:02,169
another place and this deformed thread
nut in deforming it they had actually

590
00:16:02,169 --> 00:16:02,179
nut in deforming it they had actually
 

591
00:16:02,179 --> 00:16:03,970
nut in deforming it they had actually
worked hardened it to where it was

592
00:16:03,970 --> 00:16:03,980
worked hardened it to where it was
 

593
00:16:03,980 --> 00:16:07,629
worked hardened it to where it was
harder than the bolt so what it did when

594
00:16:07,629 --> 00:16:07,639
harder than the bolt so what it did when
 

595
00:16:07,639 --> 00:16:10,389
harder than the bolt so what it did when
they put it on it just stripped the

596
00:16:10,389 --> 00:16:10,399
they put it on it just stripped the
 

597
00:16:10,399 --> 00:16:12,879
they put it on it just stripped the
threads the boldest that was going on

598
00:16:12,879 --> 00:16:12,889
threads the boldest that was going on
 

599
00:16:12,889 --> 00:16:16,269
threads the boldest that was going on
and then in a matter of about six months

600
00:16:16,269 --> 00:16:16,279
and then in a matter of about six months
 

601
00:16:16,279 --> 00:16:18,639
and then in a matter of about six months
this guy is brand new chair fell apart

602
00:16:18,639 --> 00:16:18,649
this guy is brand new chair fell apart
 

603
00:16:18,649 --> 00:16:20,079
this guy is brand new chair fell apart
and set him for a ride

604
00:16:20,079 --> 00:16:20,089
and set him for a ride
 

605
00:16:20,089 --> 00:16:22,929
and set him for a ride
so he sued the furniture company and

606
00:16:22,929 --> 00:16:22,939
so he sued the furniture company and
 

607
00:16:22,939 --> 00:16:27,790
so he sued the furniture company and
that's where I got in on it but

608
00:16:27,790 --> 00:16:27,800
that's where I got in on it but
 

609
00:16:27,800 --> 00:16:30,850
that's where I got in on it but
here's a desirable joint loading diagram

610
00:16:30,850 --> 00:16:30,860
here's a desirable joint loading diagram
 

611
00:16:30,860 --> 00:16:37,180
here's a desirable joint loading diagram
now you want a stiffness fastener joint

612
00:16:37,180 --> 00:16:37,190
now you want a stiffness fastener joint
 

613
00:16:37,190 --> 00:16:39,970
now you want a stiffness fastener joint
stiffness ratio of five or higher and

614
00:16:39,970 --> 00:16:39,980
stiffness ratio of five or higher and
 

615
00:16:39,980 --> 00:16:41,410
stiffness ratio of five or higher and
we'll go through some of the things on

616
00:16:41,410 --> 00:16:41,420
we'll go through some of the things on
 

617
00:16:41,420 --> 00:16:43,780
we'll go through some of the things on
calculating joint stiffness fastener

618
00:16:43,780 --> 00:16:43,790
calculating joint stiffness fastener
 

619
00:16:43,790 --> 00:16:47,260
calculating joint stiffness fastener
stiffness and so on to minimize the

620
00:16:47,260 --> 00:16:47,270
stiffness and so on to minimize the
 

621
00:16:47,270 --> 00:16:52,690
stiffness and so on to minimize the
cyclic loading on the fastener and

622
00:16:52,690 --> 00:16:52,700
cyclic loading on the fastener and
 

623
00:16:52,700 --> 00:16:54,940
cyclic loading on the fastener and
coming back again I keep repeating this

624
00:16:54,940 --> 00:16:54,950
coming back again I keep repeating this
 

625
00:16:54,950 --> 00:16:56,530
coming back again I keep repeating this
one but it's worth repeating avoid

626
00:16:56,530 --> 00:16:56,540
one but it's worth repeating avoid
 

627
00:16:56,540 --> 00:16:59,050
one but it's worth repeating avoid
capped holes if you can don't use them

628
00:16:59,050 --> 00:16:59,060
capped holes if you can don't use them
 

629
00:16:59,060 --> 00:17:03,100
capped holes if you can don't use them
unless you have to I was on a design

630
00:17:03,100 --> 00:17:03,110
unless you have to I was on a design
 

631
00:17:03,110 --> 00:17:04,810
unless you have to I was on a design
review here one time in which this young

632
00:17:04,810 --> 00:17:04,820
review here one time in which this young
 

633
00:17:04,820 --> 00:17:07,810
review here one time in which this young
engineer came up with a design and he

634
00:17:07,810 --> 00:17:07,820
engineer came up with a design and he
 

635
00:17:07,820 --> 00:17:09,490
engineer came up with a design and he
had heard that when you used aluminum

636
00:17:09,490 --> 00:17:09,500
had heard that when you used aluminum
 

637
00:17:09,500 --> 00:17:12,370
had heard that when you used aluminum
you were supposed to use inserts so

638
00:17:12,370 --> 00:17:12,380
you were supposed to use inserts so
 

639
00:17:12,380 --> 00:17:15,370
you were supposed to use inserts so
instead of bolting through he put

640
00:17:15,370 --> 00:17:15,380
instead of bolting through he put
 

641
00:17:15,380 --> 00:17:17,170
instead of bolting through he put
through holes in butt tap them for

642
00:17:17,170 --> 00:17:17,180
through holes in butt tap them for
 

643
00:17:17,180 --> 00:17:18,820
through holes in butt tap them for
inserts because after all you're

644
00:17:18,820 --> 00:17:18,830
inserts because after all you're
 

645
00:17:18,830 --> 00:17:22,500
inserts because after all you're
supposed to use inserts in aluminum but

646
00:17:22,500 --> 00:17:22,510
supposed to use inserts in aluminum but
 

647
00:17:22,510 --> 00:17:24,880
supposed to use inserts in aluminum but
if you have a chance to use through

648
00:17:24,880 --> 00:17:24,890
if you have a chance to use through
 

649
00:17:24,890 --> 00:17:28,900
if you have a chance to use through
bolting that is the most efficient most

650
00:17:28,900 --> 00:17:28,910
bolting that is the most efficient most
 

651
00:17:28,910 --> 00:17:31,420
bolting that is the most efficient most
trouble-free way of doing it regardless

652
00:17:31,420 --> 00:17:31,430
trouble-free way of doing it regardless
 

653
00:17:31,430 --> 00:17:33,670
trouble-free way of doing it regardless
of what what you're bolting in all right

654
00:17:33,670 --> 00:17:33,680
of what what you're bolting in all right
 

655
00:17:33,680 --> 00:17:36,100
of what what you're bolting in all right
now the tap holes are cut rather than

656
00:17:36,100 --> 00:17:36,110
now the tap holes are cut rather than
 

657
00:17:36,110 --> 00:17:41,410
now the tap holes are cut rather than
rolled and the radius of a tap Pole is

658
00:17:41,410 --> 00:17:41,420
rolled and the radius of a tap Pole is
 

659
00:17:41,420 --> 00:17:44,830
rolled and the radius of a tap Pole is
not measured normally if you want it

660
00:17:44,830 --> 00:17:44,840
not measured normally if you want it
 

661
00:17:44,840 --> 00:17:47,260
not measured normally if you want it
measured it's a lot of trouble so you

662
00:17:47,260 --> 00:17:47,270
measured it's a lot of trouble so you
 

663
00:17:47,270 --> 00:17:49,600
measured it's a lot of trouble so you
could get all sorts of undetected stress

664
00:17:49,600 --> 00:17:49,610
could get all sorts of undetected stress
 

665
00:17:49,610 --> 00:17:51,970
could get all sorts of undetected stress
risers because think had it from a

666
00:17:51,970 --> 00:17:51,980
risers because think had it from a
 

667
00:17:51,980 --> 00:17:53,410
risers because think had it from a
practical standpoint you've got a

668
00:17:53,410 --> 00:17:53,420
practical standpoint you've got a
 

669
00:17:53,420 --> 00:17:57,130
practical standpoint you've got a
quarter inch hole inspector is gonna go

670
00:17:57,130 --> 00:17:57,140
quarter inch hole inspector is gonna go
 

671
00:17:57,140 --> 00:17:58,900
quarter inch hole inspector is gonna go
up and look down in it and say yep

672
00:17:58,900 --> 00:17:58,910
up and look down in it and say yep
 

673
00:17:58,910 --> 00:18:00,340
up and look down in it and say yep
there's all there it looks alright to me

674
00:18:00,340 --> 00:18:00,350
there's all there it looks alright to me
 

675
00:18:00,350 --> 00:18:01,630
there's all there it looks alright to me
and that's about the amount of

676
00:18:01,630 --> 00:18:01,640
and that's about the amount of
 

677
00:18:01,640 --> 00:18:06,240
and that's about the amount of
inspection you'll get on it now use a

678
00:18:06,240 --> 00:18:06,250
inspection you'll get on it now use a
 

679
00:18:06,250 --> 00:18:09,670
inspection you'll get on it now use a
lot of small diameter bolts if you can

680
00:18:09,670 --> 00:18:09,680
lot of small diameter bolts if you can
 

681
00:18:09,680 --> 00:18:12,730
lot of small diameter bolts if you can
in order to give you a more elastic

682
00:18:12,730 --> 00:18:12,740
in order to give you a more elastic
 

683
00:18:12,740 --> 00:18:16,600
in order to give you a more elastic
system because the that gives you a

684
00:18:16,600 --> 00:18:16,610
system because the that gives you a
 

685
00:18:16,610 --> 00:18:20,050
system because the that gives you a
better ratio of bolts joint stiffness to

686
00:18:20,050 --> 00:18:20,060
better ratio of bolts joint stiffness to
 

687
00:18:20,060 --> 00:18:24,250
better ratio of bolts joint stiffness to
fastener stiffness and of course that

688
00:18:24,250 --> 00:18:24,260
fastener stiffness and of course that
 

689
00:18:24,260 --> 00:18:27,220
fastener stiffness and of course that
kicks a labour cost up so you have to

690
00:18:27,220 --> 00:18:27,230
kicks a labour cost up so you have to
 

691
00:18:27,230 --> 00:18:30,370
kicks a labour cost up so you have to
wait to see which what you're going to

692
00:18:30,370 --> 00:18:30,380
wait to see which what you're going to
 

693
00:18:30,380 --> 00:18:34,230
wait to see which what you're going to
do in order to make the joint survive

694
00:18:34,230 --> 00:18:34,240
do in order to make the joint survive
 

695
00:18:34,240 --> 00:18:36,970
do in order to make the joint survive
now the other thing you you have to do

696
00:18:36,970 --> 00:18:36,980
now the other thing you you have to do
 

697
00:18:36,980 --> 00:18:39,130
now the other thing you you have to do
is consider the thermal loading and the

698
00:18:39,130 --> 00:18:39,140
is consider the thermal loading and the
 

699
00:18:39,140 --> 00:18:40,830
is consider the thermal loading and the
joint remember I mentioned

700
00:18:40,830 --> 00:18:40,840
joint remember I mentioned
 

701
00:18:40,840 --> 00:18:42,630
joint remember I mentioned
earlier about using Belleville washers

702
00:18:42,630 --> 00:18:42,640
earlier about using Belleville washers
 

703
00:18:42,640 --> 00:18:46,560
earlier about using Belleville washers
to give you a longer spring constant if

704
00:18:46,560 --> 00:18:46,570
to give you a longer spring constant if
 

705
00:18:46,570 --> 00:18:48,570
to give you a longer spring constant if
you will and a bolted joint to take the

706
00:18:48,570 --> 00:18:48,580
you will and a bolted joint to take the
 

707
00:18:48,580 --> 00:18:52,710
you will and a bolted joint to take the
thermal cycling and particularly if the

708
00:18:52,710 --> 00:18:52,720
thermal cycling and particularly if the
 

709
00:18:52,720 --> 00:18:55,110
thermal cycling and particularly if the
bolt and the joint materials are

710
00:18:55,110 --> 00:18:55,120
bolt and the joint materials are
 

711
00:18:55,120 --> 00:18:59,039
bolt and the joint materials are
different then you have to watch it

712
00:18:59,039 --> 00:18:59,049
different then you have to watch it
 

713
00:18:59,049 --> 00:19:01,680
different then you have to watch it
closely we had a problem on the center

714
00:19:01,680 --> 00:19:01,690
closely we had a problem on the center
 

715
00:19:01,690 --> 00:19:04,560
closely we had a problem on the center
vehical when they were using good old 80

716
00:19:04,560 --> 00:19:04,570
vehical when they were using good old 80
 

717
00:19:04,570 --> 00:19:07,830
vehical when they were using good old 80
to 86 bolts on aluminum flanges the only

718
00:19:07,830 --> 00:19:07,840
to 86 bolts on aluminum flanges the only
 

719
00:19:07,840 --> 00:19:10,230
to 86 bolts on aluminum flanges the only
thing is they tighten them up Terk them

720
00:19:10,230 --> 00:19:10,240
thing is they tighten them up Terk them
 

721
00:19:10,240 --> 00:19:13,440
thing is they tighten them up Terk them
down at room temperature then when they

722
00:19:13,440 --> 00:19:13,450
down at room temperature then when they
 

723
00:19:13,450 --> 00:19:15,690
down at room temperature then when they
tanked up with liquid hydrogen and

724
00:19:15,690 --> 00:19:15,700
tanked up with liquid hydrogen and
 

725
00:19:15,700 --> 00:19:18,360
tanked up with liquid hydrogen and
liquid oxygen the temperature went down

726
00:19:18,360 --> 00:19:18,370
liquid oxygen the temperature went down
 

727
00:19:18,370 --> 00:19:23,789
liquid oxygen the temperature went down
to something like minus 300 the aluminum

728
00:19:23,789 --> 00:19:23,799
to something like minus 300 the aluminum
 

729
00:19:23,799 --> 00:19:27,840
to something like minus 300 the aluminum
shrink and it started leaking because

730
00:19:27,840 --> 00:19:27,850
shrink and it started leaking because
 

731
00:19:27,850 --> 00:19:31,500
shrink and it started leaking because
the bolts got loose so they like to

732
00:19:31,500 --> 00:19:31,510
the bolts got loose so they like to
 

733
00:19:31,510 --> 00:19:34,049
the bolts got loose so they like to
never hit a happy balance on that of

734
00:19:34,049 --> 00:19:34,059
never hit a happy balance on that of
 

735
00:19:34,059 --> 00:19:35,669
never hit a happy balance on that of
getting bolts the fact they had to get

736
00:19:35,669 --> 00:19:35,679
getting bolts the fact they had to get
 

737
00:19:35,679 --> 00:19:36,990
getting bolts the fact they had to get
higher strength bolts and they could

738
00:19:36,990 --> 00:19:37,000
higher strength bolts and they could
 

739
00:19:37,000 --> 00:19:39,330
higher strength bolts and they could
crank the torque up so that the thing

740
00:19:39,330 --> 00:19:39,340
crank the torque up so that the thing
 

741
00:19:39,340 --> 00:19:41,130
crank the torque up so that the thing
would be alright at room temperature and

742
00:19:41,130 --> 00:19:41,140
would be alright at room temperature and
 

743
00:19:41,140 --> 00:19:43,409
would be alright at room temperature and
still not leak at the cryogenic

744
00:19:43,409 --> 00:19:43,419
still not leak at the cryogenic
 

745
00:19:43,419 --> 00:19:45,510
still not leak at the cryogenic
temperature so this is a this is a

746
00:19:45,510 --> 00:19:45,520
temperature so this is a this is a
 

747
00:19:45,520 --> 00:19:47,570
temperature so this is a this is a
problem you have to be careful about

748
00:19:47,570 --> 00:19:47,580
problem you have to be careful about
 

749
00:19:47,580 --> 00:19:50,130
problem you have to be careful about
then here's the other thing that that

750
00:19:50,130 --> 00:19:50,140
then here's the other thing that that
 

751
00:19:50,140 --> 00:19:52,769
then here's the other thing that that
you should do this is one of the few

752
00:19:52,769 --> 00:19:52,779
you should do this is one of the few
 

753
00:19:52,779 --> 00:19:54,630
you should do this is one of the few
places that I agree with some of the

754
00:19:54,630 --> 00:19:54,640
places that I agree with some of the
 

755
00:19:54,640 --> 00:19:57,690
places that I agree with some of the
automotive companies on is turcica

756
00:19:57,690 --> 00:19:57,700
automotive companies on is turcica
 

757
00:19:57,700 --> 00:20:00,269
automotive companies on is turcica
fasteners close to yield point if it's a

758
00:20:00,269 --> 00:20:00,279
fasteners close to yield point if it's a
 

759
00:20:00,279 --> 00:20:03,750
fasteners close to yield point if it's a
fatigue joint and if you do enough

760
00:20:03,750 --> 00:20:03,760
fatigue joint and if you do enough
 

761
00:20:03,760 --> 00:20:06,480
fatigue joint and if you do enough
testing to determine where it is then

762
00:20:06,480 --> 00:20:06,490
testing to determine where it is then
 

763
00:20:06,490 --> 00:20:08,940
testing to determine where it is then
you can torque up to 90 to 95% of yield

764
00:20:08,940 --> 00:20:08,950
you can torque up to 90 to 95% of yield
 

765
00:20:08,950 --> 00:20:12,120
you can torque up to 90 to 95% of yield
and the higher preload decreases the

766
00:20:12,120 --> 00:20:12,130
and the higher preload decreases the
 

767
00:20:12,130 --> 00:20:15,870
and the higher preload decreases the
cyclic loading and I have some figures

768
00:20:15,870 --> 00:20:15,880
cyclic loading and I have some figures
 

769
00:20:15,880 --> 00:20:20,039
cyclic loading and I have some figures
here to indicate this if you want to

770
00:20:20,039 --> 00:20:20,049
here to indicate this if you want to
 

771
00:20:20,049 --> 00:20:23,159
here to indicate this if you want to
leaf back and forth between 10 7 and 10

772
00:20:23,159 --> 00:20:23,169
leaf back and forth between 10 7 and 10
 

773
00:20:23,169 --> 00:20:27,779
leaf back and forth between 10 7 and 10
8 the or I'll tell you what if you will

774
00:20:27,779 --> 00:20:27,789
8 the or I'll tell you what if you will
 

775
00:20:27,789 --> 00:20:29,940
8 the or I'll tell you what if you will
go to the next page with the the graph

776
00:20:29,940 --> 00:20:29,950
go to the next page with the the graph
 

777
00:20:29,950 --> 00:20:34,200
go to the next page with the the graph
there and and then bets it can keep hers

778
00:20:34,200 --> 00:20:34,210
there and and then bets it can keep hers
 

779
00:20:34,210 --> 00:20:37,769
there and and then bets it can keep hers
where it is there we go now we work back

780
00:20:37,769 --> 00:20:37,779
where it is there we go now we work back
 

781
00:20:37,779 --> 00:20:43,680
where it is there we go now we work back
and forth on here here is the initial

782
00:20:43,680 --> 00:20:43,690
and forth on here here is the initial
 

783
00:20:43,690 --> 00:20:48,810
and forth on here here is the initial
loading here is yield so we're so here's

784
00:20:48,810 --> 00:20:48,820
loading here is yield so we're so here's
 

785
00:20:48,820 --> 00:20:50,610
loading here is yield so we're so here's
the initial loading before putting

786
00:20:50,610 --> 00:20:50,620
the initial loading before putting
 

787
00:20:50,620 --> 00:20:52,240
the initial loading before putting
external load on the thing

788
00:20:52,240 --> 00:20:52,250
external load on the thing
 

789
00:20:52,250 --> 00:20:56,950
external load on the thing
now when you put the load on the cyclic

790
00:20:56,950 --> 00:20:56,960
now when you put the load on the cyclic
 

791
00:20:56,960 --> 00:20:59,649
now when you put the load on the cyclic
loading on the fastener is just the part

792
00:20:59,649 --> 00:20:59,659
loading on the fastener is just the part
 

793
00:20:59,659 --> 00:21:04,360
loading on the fastener is just the part
between here and here so if as you'll

794
00:21:04,360 --> 00:21:04,370
between here and here so if as you'll
 

795
00:21:04,370 --> 00:21:06,310
between here and here so if as you'll
see when I show the the next one of

796
00:21:06,310 --> 00:21:06,320
see when I show the the next one of
 

797
00:21:06,320 --> 00:21:09,039
see when I show the the next one of
these where I deliberately put the two

798
00:21:09,039 --> 00:21:09,049
these where I deliberately put the two
 

799
00:21:09,049 --> 00:21:11,230
these where I deliberately put the two
points closer together you get lost what

800
00:21:11,230 --> 00:21:11,240
points closer together you get lost what
 

801
00:21:11,240 --> 00:21:14,500
points closer together you get lost what
les cycling then this is the clamping

802
00:21:14,500 --> 00:21:14,510
les cycling then this is the clamping
 

803
00:21:14,510 --> 00:21:16,330
les cycling then this is the clamping
load remaining when you go all the way

804
00:21:16,330 --> 00:21:16,340
load remaining when you go all the way
 

805
00:21:16,340 --> 00:21:20,380
load remaining when you go all the way
up to yield now this represents the

806
00:21:20,380 --> 00:21:20,390
up to yield now this represents the
 

807
00:21:20,390 --> 00:21:22,299
up to yield now this represents the
stiffness of the bolt and this

808
00:21:22,299 --> 00:21:22,309
stiffness of the bolt and this
 

809
00:21:22,309 --> 00:21:25,240
stiffness of the bolt and this
represents the stiffness of the joint so

810
00:21:25,240 --> 00:21:25,250
represents the stiffness of the joint so
 

811
00:21:25,250 --> 00:21:28,570
represents the stiffness of the joint so
if you get a better ratio between the

812
00:21:28,570 --> 00:21:28,580
if you get a better ratio between the
 

813
00:21:28,580 --> 00:21:30,940
if you get a better ratio between the
two and lean those lines over a little

814
00:21:30,940 --> 00:21:30,950
two and lean those lines over a little
 

815
00:21:30,950 --> 00:21:33,960
two and lean those lines over a little
bit you get less cyclic loading on the

816
00:21:33,960 --> 00:21:33,970
bit you get less cyclic loading on the
 

817
00:21:33,970 --> 00:21:36,940
bit you get less cyclic loading on the
bolt when you apply an external load now

818
00:21:36,940 --> 00:21:36,950
bolt when you apply an external load now
 

819
00:21:36,950 --> 00:21:39,070
bolt when you apply an external load now
if you go over here we're torque above

820
00:21:39,070 --> 00:21:39,080
if you go over here we're torque above
 

821
00:21:39,080 --> 00:21:40,750
if you go over here we're torque above
yield because here's a yield point

822
00:21:40,750 --> 00:21:40,760
yield because here's a yield point
 

823
00:21:40,760 --> 00:21:43,750
yield because here's a yield point
there's above yield then on this one we

824
00:21:43,750 --> 00:21:43,760
there's above yield then on this one we
 

825
00:21:43,760 --> 00:21:46,120
there's above yield then on this one we
really applied two loads that took it

826
00:21:46,120 --> 00:21:46,130
really applied two loads that took it
 

827
00:21:46,130 --> 00:21:48,340
really applied two loads that took it
way above yield and failed it it

828
00:21:48,340 --> 00:21:48,350
way above yield and failed it it
 

829
00:21:48,350 --> 00:21:53,440
way above yield and failed it it
separated so now if you look at the ten

830
00:21:53,440 --> 00:21:53,450
separated so now if you look at the ten
 

831
00:21:53,450 --> 00:22:03,399
separated so now if you look at the ten
point nine there I put the the initial

832
00:22:03,399 --> 00:22:03,409
point nine there I put the the initial
 

833
00:22:03,409 --> 00:22:05,740
point nine there I put the the initial
preload and yield are fairly close

834
00:22:05,740 --> 00:22:05,750
preload and yield are fairly close
 

835
00:22:05,750 --> 00:22:08,440
preload and yield are fairly close
together so you see the cyclic loading

836
00:22:08,440 --> 00:22:08,450
together so you see the cyclic loading
 

837
00:22:08,450 --> 00:22:11,919
together so you see the cyclic loading
is just the between here so therefore

838
00:22:11,919 --> 00:22:11,929
is just the between here so therefore
 

839
00:22:11,929 --> 00:22:14,919
is just the between here so therefore
you get less cyclic loading with the

840
00:22:14,919 --> 00:22:14,929
you get less cyclic loading with the
 

841
00:22:14,929 --> 00:22:19,060
you get less cyclic loading with the
higher torque on the fasteners now this

842
00:22:19,060 --> 00:22:19,070
higher torque on the fasteners now this
 

843
00:22:19,070 --> 00:22:21,610
higher torque on the fasteners now this
figure was over torqued

844
00:22:21,610 --> 00:22:21,620
figure was over torqued
 

845
00:22:21,620 --> 00:22:25,740
figure was over torqued
if you notice it's kind of Wiggly here

846
00:22:25,740 --> 00:22:25,750
if you notice it's kind of Wiggly here
 

847
00:22:25,750 --> 00:22:28,360
if you notice it's kind of Wiggly here
that's the over Turk trying to scan it

848
00:22:28,360 --> 00:22:28,370
that's the over Turk trying to scan it
 

849
00:22:28,370 --> 00:22:30,789
that's the over Turk trying to scan it
into the scanner and it wouldn't scan in

850
00:22:30,789 --> 00:22:30,799
into the scanner and it wouldn't scan in
 

851
00:22:30,799 --> 00:22:37,049
into the scanner and it wouldn't scan in
right

852
00:22:37,049 --> 00:22:37,059

 

853
00:22:37,059 --> 00:22:41,430

okay moving on now to fastener torque

854
00:22:41,430 --> 00:22:41,440
okay moving on now to fastener torque
 

855
00:22:41,440 --> 00:22:47,020
okay moving on now to fastener torque
which is 11:1 now determination of

856
00:22:47,020 --> 00:22:47,030
which is 11:1 now determination of
 

857
00:22:47,030 --> 00:22:48,700
which is 11:1 now determination of
torque values is one of the most

858
00:22:48,700 --> 00:22:48,710
torque values is one of the most
 

859
00:22:48,710 --> 00:22:51,549
torque values is one of the most
difficult and controversial aspects of

860
00:22:51,549 --> 00:22:51,559
difficult and controversial aspects of
 

861
00:22:51,559 --> 00:22:55,180
difficult and controversial aspects of
fastener design and if you tuck to

862
00:22:55,180 --> 00:22:55,190
fastener design and if you tuck to
 

863
00:22:55,190 --> 00:22:58,180
fastener design and if you tuck to
Murphy he says if tight is good a little

864
00:22:58,180 --> 00:22:58,190
Murphy he says if tight is good a little
 

865
00:22:58,190 --> 00:23:00,610
Murphy he says if tight is good a little
tighter is better but it doesn't always

866
00:23:00,610 --> 00:23:00,620
tighter is better but it doesn't always
 

867
00:23:00,620 --> 00:23:02,230
tighter is better but it doesn't always
work out that way Murphy's a guy that

868
00:23:02,230 --> 00:23:02,240
work out that way Murphy's a guy that
 

869
00:23:02,240 --> 00:23:08,919
work out that way Murphy's a guy that
runs the wrenches but the variables

870
00:23:08,919 --> 00:23:08,929
runs the wrenches but the variables
 

871
00:23:08,929 --> 00:23:12,580
runs the wrenches but the variables
involved the joint material strength the

872
00:23:12,580 --> 00:23:12,590
involved the joint material strength the
 

873
00:23:12,590 --> 00:23:14,440
involved the joint material strength the
coefficient of friction between mating

874
00:23:14,440 --> 00:23:14,450
coefficient of friction between mating
 

875
00:23:14,450 --> 00:23:17,350
coefficient of friction between mating
surfaces the effect of friction between

876
00:23:17,350 --> 00:23:17,360
surfaces the effect of friction between
 

877
00:23:17,360 --> 00:23:19,840
surfaces the effect of friction between
the bolt head and nut or its mating

878
00:23:19,840 --> 00:23:19,850
the bolt head and nut or its mating
 

879
00:23:19,850 --> 00:23:23,440
the bolt head and nut or its mating
surface and the effect of coatings and

880
00:23:23,440 --> 00:23:23,450
surface and the effect of coatings and
 

881
00:23:23,450 --> 00:23:25,720
surface and the effect of coatings and
lubricants on the friction coefficients

882
00:23:25,720 --> 00:23:25,730
lubricants on the friction coefficients
 

883
00:23:25,730 --> 00:23:27,669
lubricants on the friction coefficients
themselves because the amount of

884
00:23:27,669 --> 00:23:27,679
themselves because the amount of
 

885
00:23:27,679 --> 00:23:30,100
themselves because the amount of
lubricant you put on changes it all

886
00:23:30,100 --> 00:23:30,110
lubricant you put on changes it all
 

887
00:23:30,110 --> 00:23:36,370
lubricant you put on changes it all
together now the percentage of bolt

888
00:23:36,370 --> 00:23:36,380
together now the percentage of bolt
 

889
00:23:36,380 --> 00:23:38,230
together now the percentage of bolt
tensile strength that you want for

890
00:23:38,230 --> 00:23:38,240
tensile strength that you want for
 

891
00:23:38,240 --> 00:23:41,310
tensile strength that you want for
preload that is something that is

892
00:23:41,310 --> 00:23:41,320
preload that is something that is
 

893
00:23:41,320 --> 00:23:45,430
preload that is something that is
difficult one of our guys just to show

894
00:23:45,430 --> 00:23:45,440
difficult one of our guys just to show
 

895
00:23:45,440 --> 00:23:48,970
difficult one of our guys just to show
you how how things can vary one of our

896
00:23:48,970 --> 00:23:48,980
you how how things can vary one of our
 

897
00:23:48,980 --> 00:23:52,560
you how how things can vary one of our
guys had some a stainless steel bolt nut

898
00:23:52,560 --> 00:23:52,570
guys had some a stainless steel bolt nut
 

899
00:23:52,570 --> 00:23:56,560
guys had some a stainless steel bolt nut
assembly that had been locks cleaned now

900
00:23:56,560 --> 00:23:56,570
assembly that had been locks cleaned now
 

901
00:23:56,570 --> 00:23:58,810
assembly that had been locks cleaned now
locks cleaned is like ultrasonically

902
00:23:58,810 --> 00:23:58,820
locks cleaned is like ultrasonically
 

903
00:23:58,820 --> 00:24:01,360
locks cleaned is like ultrasonically
cleaning your jewelry or something like

904
00:24:01,360 --> 00:24:01,370
cleaning your jewelry or something like
 

905
00:24:01,370 --> 00:24:05,680
cleaning your jewelry or something like
that it is clean clean and he was

906
00:24:05,680 --> 00:24:05,690
that it is clean clean and he was
 

907
00:24:05,690 --> 00:24:07,930
that it is clean clean and he was
required to have it that clean so he

908
00:24:07,930 --> 00:24:07,940
required to have it that clean so he
 

909
00:24:07,940 --> 00:24:11,110
required to have it that clean so he
went to assemble it he had used up his

910
00:24:11,110 --> 00:24:11,120
went to assemble it he had used up his
 

911
00:24:11,120 --> 00:24:13,270
went to assemble it he had used up his
allowable torque before you got it

912
00:24:13,270 --> 00:24:13,280
allowable torque before you got it
 

913
00:24:13,280 --> 00:24:18,039
allowable torque before you got it
seated because dry dry clean stainless

914
00:24:18,039 --> 00:24:18,049
seated because dry dry clean stainless
 

915
00:24:18,049 --> 00:24:20,799
seated because dry dry clean stainless
on dry clean stainless has a real high

916
00:24:20,799 --> 00:24:20,809
on dry clean stainless has a real high
 

917
00:24:20,809 --> 00:24:23,020
on dry clean stainless has a real high
coefficient of friction so this just

918
00:24:23,020 --> 00:24:23,030
coefficient of friction so this just
 

919
00:24:23,030 --> 00:24:24,850
coefficient of friction so this just
shows you what you can do going to an

920
00:24:24,850 --> 00:24:24,860
shows you what you can do going to an
 

921
00:24:24,860 --> 00:24:28,840
shows you what you can do going to an
extreme now the other thing is what is

922
00:24:28,840 --> 00:24:28,850
extreme now the other thing is what is
 

923
00:24:28,850 --> 00:24:31,120
extreme now the other thing is what is
the distribution of total torque to

924
00:24:31,120 --> 00:24:31,130
the distribution of total torque to
 

925
00:24:31,130 --> 00:24:34,570
the distribution of total torque to
tension shear and friction you know when

926
00:24:34,570 --> 00:24:34,580
tension shear and friction you know when
 

927
00:24:34,580 --> 00:24:36,610
tension shear and friction you know when
you twerk up a fastener that you have a

928
00:24:36,610 --> 00:24:36,620
you twerk up a fastener that you have a
 

929
00:24:36,620 --> 00:24:40,029
you twerk up a fastener that you have a
certain torque value applied but you

930
00:24:40,029 --> 00:24:40,039
certain torque value applied but you
 

931
00:24:40,039 --> 00:24:41,890
certain torque value applied but you
don't know how much of it went into

932
00:24:41,890 --> 00:24:41,900
don't know how much of it went into
 

933
00:24:41,900 --> 00:24:43,779
don't know how much of it went into
tension how much of it went into shear

934
00:24:43,779 --> 00:24:43,789
tension how much of it went into shear
 

935
00:24:43,789 --> 00:24:48,039
tension how much of it went into shear
and and how much of it has lost the

936
00:24:48,039 --> 00:24:48,049
and and how much of it has lost the
 

937
00:24:48,049 --> 00:24:50,169
and and how much of it has lost the
friction but it all has to be accounted

938
00:24:50,169 --> 00:24:50,179
friction but it all has to be accounted
 

939
00:24:50,179 --> 00:24:52,690
friction but it all has to be accounted
or then the other thing is the relative

940
00:24:52,690 --> 00:24:52,700
or then the other thing is the relative
 

941
00:24:52,700 --> 00:24:56,200
or then the other thing is the relative
spring rates the bolts and nuts and the

942
00:24:56,200 --> 00:24:56,210
spring rates the bolts and nuts and the
 

943
00:24:56,210 --> 00:24:58,840
spring rates the bolts and nuts and the
joints themselves and then accounting

944
00:24:58,840 --> 00:24:58,850
joints themselves and then accounting
 

945
00:24:58,850 --> 00:25:00,609
joints themselves and then accounting
for the running torque of the locking

946
00:25:00,609 --> 00:25:00,619
for the running torque of the locking
 

947
00:25:00,619 --> 00:25:03,430
for the running torque of the locking
devices all those different methods of

948
00:25:03,430 --> 00:25:03,440
devices all those different methods of
 

949
00:25:03,440 --> 00:25:06,159
devices all those different methods of
locking themselves have at what is

950
00:25:06,159 --> 00:25:06,169
locking themselves have at what is
 

951
00:25:06,169 --> 00:25:09,129
locking themselves have at what is
called a running torque that has to be

952
00:25:09,129 --> 00:25:09,139
called a running torque that has to be
 

953
00:25:09,139 --> 00:25:12,999
called a running torque that has to be
accounted for now head friction if the

954
00:25:12,999 --> 00:25:13,009
accounted for now head friction if the
 

955
00:25:13,009 --> 00:25:14,859
accounted for now head friction if the
fastener is tightened from the head the

956
00:25:14,859 --> 00:25:14,869
fastener is tightened from the head the
 

957
00:25:14,869 --> 00:25:16,539
fastener is tightened from the head the
bearing surface for the bottom of the

958
00:25:16,539 --> 00:25:16,549
bearing surface for the bottom of the
 

959
00:25:16,549 --> 00:25:20,499
bearing surface for the bottom of the
head becomes a big part of the friction

960
00:25:20,499 --> 00:25:20,509
head becomes a big part of the friction
 

961
00:25:20,509 --> 00:25:23,200
head becomes a big part of the friction
load that's why that having a smooth

962
00:25:23,200 --> 00:25:23,210
load that's why that having a smooth
 

963
00:25:23,210 --> 00:25:25,930
load that's why that having a smooth
washer hardened washer under the head is

964
00:25:25,930 --> 00:25:25,940
washer hardened washer under the head is
 

965
00:25:25,940 --> 00:25:29,639
washer hardened washer under the head is
a good idea even if you don't

966
00:25:29,639 --> 00:25:29,649
a good idea even if you don't
 

967
00:25:29,649 --> 00:25:32,619
a good idea even if you don't
necessarily have to have it it's good

968
00:25:32,619 --> 00:25:32,629
necessarily have to have it it's good
 

969
00:25:32,629 --> 00:25:35,200
necessarily have to have it it's good
because it gives you a hardened surface

970
00:25:35,200 --> 00:25:35,210
because it gives you a hardened surface
 

971
00:25:35,210 --> 00:25:36,970
because it gives you a hardened surface
that will have a lower coefficient of

972
00:25:36,970 --> 00:25:36,980
that will have a lower coefficient of
 

973
00:25:36,980 --> 00:25:39,539
that will have a lower coefficient of
friction than the joint material itself

974
00:25:39,539 --> 00:25:39,549
friction than the joint material itself
 

975
00:25:39,549 --> 00:25:43,690
friction than the joint material itself
plus the washer will deter or prevent

976
00:25:43,690 --> 00:25:43,700
plus the washer will deter or prevent
 

977
00:25:43,700 --> 00:25:46,359
plus the washer will deter or prevent
embedment of the head where the joint

978
00:25:46,359 --> 00:25:46,369
embedment of the head where the joint
 

979
00:25:46,369 --> 00:25:48,669
embedment of the head where the joint
material is softer than the boat which

980
00:25:48,669 --> 00:25:48,679
material is softer than the boat which
 

981
00:25:48,679 --> 00:25:49,980
material is softer than the boat which
is usually the case

982
00:25:49,980 --> 00:25:49,990
is usually the case
 

983
00:25:49,990 --> 00:25:53,320
is usually the case
now if head friction locking is desired

984
00:25:53,320 --> 00:25:53,330
now if head friction locking is desired
 

985
00:25:53,330 --> 00:25:56,560
now if head friction locking is desired
then you can maximize that head friction

986
00:25:56,560 --> 00:25:56,570
then you can maximize that head friction
 

987
00:25:56,570 --> 00:25:59,350
then you can maximize that head friction
use remember earlier I covered the

988
00:25:59,350 --> 00:25:59,360
use remember earlier I covered the
 

989
00:25:59,360 --> 00:26:02,379
use remember earlier I covered the
serrated head with that you could use

990
00:26:02,379 --> 00:26:02,389
serrated head with that you could use
 

991
00:26:02,389 --> 00:26:04,869
serrated head with that you could use
without a washer or don't use any

992
00:26:04,869 --> 00:26:04,879
without a washer or don't use any
 

993
00:26:04,879 --> 00:26:07,720
without a washer or don't use any
lubricant on the thing and then then of

994
00:26:07,720 --> 00:26:07,730
lubricant on the thing and then then of
 

995
00:26:07,730 --> 00:26:10,539
lubricant on the thing and then then of
course you will use up more of your

996
00:26:10,539 --> 00:26:10,549
course you will use up more of your
 

997
00:26:10,549 --> 00:26:13,299
course you will use up more of your
torque on friction and have less in it

998
00:26:13,299 --> 00:26:13,309
torque on friction and have less in it
 

999
00:26:13,309 --> 00:26:14,980
torque on friction and have less in it
and axial load which you have to account

1000
00:26:14,980 --> 00:26:14,990
and axial load which you have to account
 

1001
00:26:14,990 --> 00:26:22,330
and axial load which you have to account
for nut friction pretty much the same

1002
00:26:22,330 --> 00:26:22,340
for nut friction pretty much the same
 

1003
00:26:22,340 --> 00:26:27,789
for nut friction pretty much the same
thing you can you can go either way you

1004
00:26:27,789 --> 00:26:27,799
thing you can you can go either way you
 

1005
00:26:27,799 --> 00:26:30,789
thing you can you can go either way you
can maximize it or minimize it by using

1006
00:26:30,789 --> 00:26:30,799
can maximize it or minimize it by using
 

1007
00:26:30,799 --> 00:26:33,639
can maximize it or minimize it by using
lubricants and stuff like that and the

1008
00:26:33,639 --> 00:26:33,649
lubricants and stuff like that and the
 

1009
00:26:33,649 --> 00:26:35,769
lubricants and stuff like that and the
nut usually contains a locking device

1010
00:26:35,769 --> 00:26:35,779
nut usually contains a locking device
 

1011
00:26:35,779 --> 00:26:37,659
nut usually contains a locking device
it's easier to install a locking device

1012
00:26:37,659 --> 00:26:37,669
it's easier to install a locking device
 

1013
00:26:37,669 --> 00:26:39,879
it's easier to install a locking device
on a nut normally than it is on the

1014
00:26:39,879 --> 00:26:39,889
on a nut normally than it is on the
 

1015
00:26:39,889 --> 00:26:43,539
on a nut normally than it is on the
bolts so most of the nuts carry the

1016
00:26:43,539 --> 00:26:43,549
bolts so most of the nuts carry the
 

1017
00:26:43,549 --> 00:26:47,109
bolts so most of the nuts carry the
locking device so the running torque the

1018
00:26:47,109 --> 00:26:47,119
locking device so the running torque the
 

1019
00:26:47,119 --> 00:26:49,239
locking device so the running torque the
locking device and I'll go through

1020
00:26:49,239 --> 00:26:49,249
locking device and I'll go through
 

1021
00:26:49,249 --> 00:26:51,519
locking device and I'll go through
definitions on it but the running torque

1022
00:26:51,519 --> 00:26:51,529
definitions on it but the running torque
 

1023
00:26:51,529 --> 00:26:54,310
definitions on it but the running torque
is the amount that it takes just to seek

1024
00:26:54,310 --> 00:26:54,320
is the amount that it takes just to seek
 

1025
00:26:54,320 --> 00:26:57,609
is the amount that it takes just to seek
the thing down to the surface and it's

1026
00:26:57,609 --> 00:26:57,619
the thing down to the surface and it's
 

1027
00:26:57,619 --> 00:27:02,010
the thing down to the surface and it's
usually a small fraction of the total

1028
00:27:02,010 --> 00:27:02,020
usually a small fraction of the total
 

1029
00:27:02,020 --> 00:27:08,340
usually a small fraction of the total
now the k-factor people say T equals

1030
00:27:08,340 --> 00:27:08,350
now the k-factor people say T equals
 

1031
00:27:08,350 --> 00:27:13,770
now the k-factor people say T equals
2/10 F D and that 2/10 is used

1032
00:27:13,770 --> 00:27:13,780
2/10 F D and that 2/10 is used
 

1033
00:27:13,780 --> 00:27:17,340
2/10 F D and that 2/10 is used
religiously well at 2/10 is this budge

1034
00:27:17,340 --> 00:27:17,350
religiously well at 2/10 is this budge
 

1035
00:27:17,350 --> 00:27:20,610
religiously well at 2/10 is this budge
factor which has this formula right here

1036
00:27:20,610 --> 00:27:20,620
factor which has this formula right here
 

1037
00:27:20,620 --> 00:27:24,240
factor which has this formula right here
and for those of you who have a copy my

1038
00:27:24,240 --> 00:27:24,250
and for those of you who have a copy my
 

1039
00:27:24,250 --> 00:27:27,090
and for those of you who have a copy my
fastener manual I'd I had the right

1040
00:27:27,090 --> 00:27:27,100
fastener manual I'd I had the right
 

1041
00:27:27,100 --> 00:27:29,430
fastener manual I'd I had the right
calculations in the manual but I had the

1042
00:27:29,430 --> 00:27:29,440
calculations in the manual but I had the
 

1043
00:27:29,440 --> 00:27:33,360
calculations in the manual but I had the
wrong terminology I had a Greek sigh for

1044
00:27:33,360 --> 00:27:33,370
wrong terminology I had a Greek sigh for
 

1045
00:27:33,370 --> 00:27:35,430
wrong terminology I had a Greek sigh for
this this angle here it should have been

1046
00:27:35,430 --> 00:27:35,440
this this angle here it should have been
 

1047
00:27:35,440 --> 00:27:37,350
this this angle here it should have been
lambda according to the formula and I

1048
00:27:37,350 --> 00:27:37,360
lambda according to the formula and I
 

1049
00:27:37,360 --> 00:27:39,240
lambda according to the formula and I
the calculations were done right the

1050
00:27:39,240 --> 00:27:39,250
the calculations were done right the
 

1051
00:27:39,250 --> 00:27:42,510
the calculations were done right the
terminology was wrong in it but anyway

1052
00:27:42,510 --> 00:27:42,520
terminology was wrong in it but anyway
 

1053
00:27:42,520 --> 00:27:44,730
terminology was wrong in it but anyway
this is this is the formula that you use

1054
00:27:44,730 --> 00:27:44,740
this is this is the formula that you use
 

1055
00:27:44,740 --> 00:27:51,330
this is this is the formula that you use
for calculating that K factor now the D

1056
00:27:51,330 --> 00:27:51,340
for calculating that K factor now the D
 

1057
00:27:51,340 --> 00:27:53,460
for calculating that K factor now the D
sub M is the mean thread diameter which

1058
00:27:53,460 --> 00:27:53,470
sub M is the mean thread diameter which
 

1059
00:27:53,470 --> 00:27:55,890
sub M is the mean thread diameter which
you use pitch diameter for lambda is the

1060
00:27:55,890 --> 00:27:55,900
you use pitch diameter for lambda is the
 

1061
00:27:55,900 --> 00:28:00,480
you use pitch diameter for lambda is the
thread lead angle and mu here is the

1062
00:28:00,480 --> 00:28:00,490
thread lead angle and mu here is the
 

1063
00:28:00,490 --> 00:28:05,419
thread lead angle and mu here is the
friction coefficient between threads and

1064
00:28:05,419 --> 00:28:05,429

 

1065
00:28:05,429 --> 00:28:09,500

alpha is the thread angle in this case

1066
00:28:09,500 --> 00:28:09,510
alpha is the thread angle in this case
 

1067
00:28:09,510 --> 00:28:12,510
alpha is the thread angle in this case
since you have a 60 degree angle it's

1068
00:28:12,510 --> 00:28:12,520
since you have a 60 degree angle it's
 

1069
00:28:12,520 --> 00:28:15,720
since you have a 60 degree angle it's
half of that which is 30 and u sub c is

1070
00:28:15,720 --> 00:28:15,730
half of that which is 30 and u sub c is
 

1071
00:28:15,730 --> 00:28:17,190
half of that which is 30 and u sub c is
the friction coefficient between the

1072
00:28:17,190 --> 00:28:17,200
the friction coefficient between the
 

1073
00:28:17,200 --> 00:28:19,740
the friction coefficient between the
bolt head or nut and the clamping

1074
00:28:19,740 --> 00:28:19,750
bolt head or nut and the clamping
 

1075
00:28:19,750 --> 00:28:21,780
bolt head or nut and the clamping
surface so if you throw all those

1076
00:28:21,780 --> 00:28:21,790
surface so if you throw all those
 

1077
00:28:21,790 --> 00:28:24,180
surface so if you throw all those
together and you're able to determine

1078
00:28:24,180 --> 00:28:24,190
together and you're able to determine
 

1079
00:28:24,190 --> 00:28:26,370
together and you're able to determine
them well enough that you feel that you

1080
00:28:26,370 --> 00:28:26,380
them well enough that you feel that you
 

1081
00:28:26,380 --> 00:28:28,470
them well enough that you feel that you
have some confidence in them then you

1082
00:28:28,470 --> 00:28:28,480
have some confidence in them then you
 

1083
00:28:28,480 --> 00:28:30,630
have some confidence in them then you
run a calculation and get an actual

1084
00:28:30,630 --> 00:28:30,640
run a calculation and get an actual
 

1085
00:28:30,640 --> 00:28:36,180
run a calculation and get an actual
value for that k factor now I did some

1086
00:28:36,180 --> 00:28:36,190
value for that k factor now I did some
 

1087
00:28:36,190 --> 00:28:42,150
value for that k factor now I did some
calculations using these coefficients of

1088
00:28:42,150 --> 00:28:42,160
calculations using these coefficients of
 

1089
00:28:42,160 --> 00:28:44,450
calculations using these coefficients of
friction and in this case I used

1090
00:28:44,450 --> 00:28:44,460
friction and in this case I used
 

1091
00:28:44,460 --> 00:28:46,950
friction and in this case I used
identical ones although you could have

1092
00:28:46,950 --> 00:28:46,960
identical ones although you could have
 

1093
00:28:46,960 --> 00:28:50,900
identical ones although you could have
different ones that doesn't for the

1094
00:28:50,900 --> 00:28:50,910
different ones that doesn't for the
 

1095
00:28:50,910 --> 00:28:54,450
different ones that doesn't for the
between threads and between the bolt or

1096
00:28:54,450 --> 00:28:54,460
between threads and between the bolt or
 

1097
00:28:54,460 --> 00:28:57,540
between threads and between the bolt or
or nut and look at the variation that

1098
00:28:57,540 --> 00:28:57,550
or nut and look at the variation that
 

1099
00:28:57,550 --> 00:29:00,960
or nut and look at the variation that
you can get with the variation in

1100
00:29:00,960 --> 00:29:00,970
you can get with the variation in
 

1101
00:29:00,970 --> 00:29:04,740
you can get with the variation in
friction coefficient you see the the K

1102
00:29:04,740 --> 00:29:04,750
friction coefficient you see the the K
 

1103
00:29:04,750 --> 00:29:07,710
friction coefficient you see the the K
factor the point two that we use is

1104
00:29:07,710 --> 00:29:07,720
factor the point two that we use is
 

1105
00:29:07,720 --> 00:29:12,450
factor the point two that we use is
actually a little bit high because it

1106
00:29:12,450 --> 00:29:12,460
actually a little bit high because it
 

1107
00:29:12,460 --> 00:29:15,090
actually a little bit high because it
would be somewhere in here would be

1108
00:29:15,090 --> 00:29:15,100
would be somewhere in here would be
 

1109
00:29:15,100 --> 00:29:20,940
would be somewhere in here would be
a more realistic value however one of

1110
00:29:20,940 --> 00:29:20,950
a more realistic value however one of
 

1111
00:29:20,950 --> 00:29:25,580
a more realistic value however one of
the objections to using zinc plating is

1112
00:29:25,580 --> 00:29:25,590
the objections to using zinc plating is
 

1113
00:29:25,590 --> 00:29:29,490
the objections to using zinc plating is
that the friction coefficient with zinc

1114
00:29:29,490 --> 00:29:29,500
that the friction coefficient with zinc
 

1115
00:29:29,500 --> 00:29:33,149
that the friction coefficient with zinc
can vary enough that that value can go

1116
00:29:33,149 --> 00:29:33,159
can vary enough that that value can go
 

1117
00:29:33,159 --> 00:29:37,200
can vary enough that that value can go
anywhere from point forward up to almost

1118
00:29:37,200 --> 00:29:37,210
anywhere from point forward up to almost
 

1119
00:29:37,210 --> 00:29:43,320
anywhere from point forward up to almost
1 so now when you do this then most of

1120
00:29:43,320 --> 00:29:43,330
1 so now when you do this then most of
 

1121
00:29:43,330 --> 00:29:45,149
1 so now when you do this then most of
the torque that you're applying is going

1122
00:29:45,149 --> 00:29:45,159
the torque that you're applying is going
 

1123
00:29:45,159 --> 00:29:47,759
the torque that you're applying is going
into overcoming friction and your axial

1124
00:29:47,759 --> 00:29:47,769
into overcoming friction and your axial
 

1125
00:29:47,769 --> 00:29:52,789
into overcoming friction and your axial
load on the fastener isn't very much

1126
00:29:52,789 --> 00:29:52,799

 

1127
00:29:52,799 --> 00:29:55,830

here are some torque definitions and

1128
00:29:55,830 --> 00:29:55,840
here are some torque definitions and
 

1129
00:29:55,840 --> 00:29:59,700
here are some torque definitions and
these are courtesy of sae AS 1310 and

1130
00:29:59,700 --> 00:29:59,710
these are courtesy of sae AS 1310 and
 

1131
00:29:59,710 --> 00:30:04,590
these are courtesy of sae AS 1310 and
marshall standard 486 and some of them

1132
00:30:04,590 --> 00:30:04,600
marshall standard 486 and some of them
 

1133
00:30:04,600 --> 00:30:08,399
marshall standard 486 and some of them
have been cleaned up slightly to make

1134
00:30:08,399 --> 00:30:08,409
have been cleaned up slightly to make
 

1135
00:30:08,409 --> 00:30:11,610
have been cleaned up slightly to make
them a little more readable because

1136
00:30:11,610 --> 00:30:11,620
them a little more readable because
 

1137
00:30:11,620 --> 00:30:14,639
them a little more readable because
they've gotten kind of out of hand

1138
00:30:14,639 --> 00:30:14,649
they've gotten kind of out of hand
 

1139
00:30:14,649 --> 00:30:17,909
they've gotten kind of out of hand
so just for torque itself it's of course

1140
00:30:17,909 --> 00:30:17,919
so just for torque itself it's of course
 

1141
00:30:17,919 --> 00:30:21,690
so just for torque itself it's of course
it's a force times a distance and you

1142
00:30:21,690 --> 00:30:21,700
it's a force times a distance and you
 

1143
00:30:21,700 --> 00:30:24,090
it's a force times a distance and you
have a moment arm which is the length of

1144
00:30:24,090 --> 00:30:24,100
have a moment arm which is the length of
 

1145
00:30:24,100 --> 00:30:25,590
have a moment arm which is the length of
your torque wrench and then of course

1146
00:30:25,590 --> 00:30:25,600
your torque wrench and then of course
 

1147
00:30:25,600 --> 00:30:27,149
your torque wrench and then of course
that you put on it and if you have a

1148
00:30:27,149 --> 00:30:27,159
that you put on it and if you have a
 

1149
00:30:27,159 --> 00:30:30,029
that you put on it and if you have a
torque wrench it'll it'll vary or we'll

1150
00:30:30,029 --> 00:30:30,039
torque wrench it'll it'll vary or we'll
 

1151
00:30:30,039 --> 00:30:31,440
torque wrench it'll it'll vary or we'll
register the amount of torque that

1152
00:30:31,440 --> 00:30:31,450
register the amount of torque that
 

1153
00:30:31,450 --> 00:30:33,299
register the amount of torque that
you're putting on or if you have the one

1154
00:30:33,299 --> 00:30:33,309
you're putting on or if you have the one
 

1155
00:30:33,309 --> 00:30:34,919
you're putting on or if you have the one
of the old do-it-yourselfers it has a

1156
00:30:34,919 --> 00:30:34,929
of the old do-it-yourselfers it has a
 

1157
00:30:34,929 --> 00:30:37,259
of the old do-it-yourselfers it has a
needle on it and you measure it by

1158
00:30:37,259 --> 00:30:37,269
needle on it and you measure it by
 

1159
00:30:37,269 --> 00:30:39,659
needle on it and you measure it by
deflecting the rod and that one is a

1160
00:30:39,659 --> 00:30:39,669
deflecting the rod and that one is a
 

1161
00:30:39,669 --> 00:30:41,999
deflecting the rod and that one is a
plus or minus 40 percent depending on

1162
00:30:41,999 --> 00:30:42,009
plus or minus 40 percent depending on
 

1163
00:30:42,009 --> 00:30:43,769
plus or minus 40 percent depending on
whether you can hold it in place long

1164
00:30:43,769 --> 00:30:43,779
whether you can hold it in place long
 

1165
00:30:43,779 --> 00:30:45,330
whether you can hold it in place long
enough to read it while you're doing the

1166
00:30:45,330 --> 00:30:45,340
enough to read it while you're doing the
 

1167
00:30:45,340 --> 00:30:48,930
enough to read it while you're doing the
turkey the applied torque is the torque

1168
00:30:48,930 --> 00:30:48,940
turkey the applied torque is the torque
 

1169
00:30:48,940 --> 00:30:50,340
turkey the applied torque is the torque
transmitted to the fastener of the

1170
00:30:50,340 --> 00:30:50,350
transmitted to the fastener of the
 

1171
00:30:50,350 --> 00:30:52,619
transmitted to the fastener of the
installation tool and then you the

1172
00:30:52,619 --> 00:30:52,629
installation tool and then you the
 

1173
00:30:52,629 --> 00:30:54,629
installation tool and then you the
running or prevailing torque is the

1174
00:30:54,629 --> 00:30:54,639
running or prevailing torque is the
 

1175
00:30:54,639 --> 00:30:56,070
running or prevailing torque is the
amount to overcome the locking device

1176
00:30:56,070 --> 00:30:56,080
amount to overcome the locking device
 

1177
00:30:56,080 --> 00:31:05,909
amount to overcome the locking device
itself so just to seek the fastener

1178
00:31:05,909 --> 00:31:05,919

 

1179
00:31:05,919 --> 00:31:08,649

and here are some other definitions the

1180
00:31:08,649 --> 00:31:08,659
and here are some other definitions the
 

1181
00:31:08,659 --> 00:31:11,159
and here are some other definitions the
double torque or retorque

1182
00:31:11,159 --> 00:31:11,169
double torque or retorque
 

1183
00:31:11,169 --> 00:31:14,169
double torque or retorque
to seek materials being joined where you

1184
00:31:14,169 --> 00:31:14,179
to seek materials being joined where you
 

1185
00:31:14,179 --> 00:31:17,289
to seek materials being joined where you
had interferences or sheet gaps or form

1186
00:31:17,289 --> 00:31:17,299
had interferences or sheet gaps or form
 

1187
00:31:17,299 --> 00:31:21,779
had interferences or sheet gaps or form
in place gaskets and stuff like that and

1188
00:31:21,779 --> 00:31:21,789
in place gaskets and stuff like that and
 

1189
00:31:21,789 --> 00:31:25,840
in place gaskets and stuff like that and
also where you turn around one time in a

1190
00:31:25,840 --> 00:31:25,850
also where you turn around one time in a
 

1191
00:31:25,850 --> 00:31:27,729
also where you turn around one time in a
circle of bolts and then you need to go

1192
00:31:27,729 --> 00:31:27,739
circle of bolts and then you need to go
 

1193
00:31:27,739 --> 00:31:30,759
circle of bolts and then you need to go
back and check them the the no load

1194
00:31:30,759 --> 00:31:30,769
back and check them the the no load
 

1195
00:31:30,769 --> 00:31:32,710
back and check them the the no load
torque is the torque required to

1196
00:31:32,710 --> 00:31:32,720
torque is the torque required to
 

1197
00:31:32,720 --> 00:31:34,749
torque is the torque required to
overcome kinetic friction between mating

1198
00:31:34,749 --> 00:31:34,759
overcome kinetic friction between mating
 

1199
00:31:34,759 --> 00:31:36,820
overcome kinetic friction between mating
threads without a locking device and

1200
00:31:36,820 --> 00:31:36,830
threads without a locking device and
 

1201
00:31:36,830 --> 00:31:39,159
threads without a locking device and
that is usually unless you have threads

1202
00:31:39,159 --> 00:31:39,169
that is usually unless you have threads
 

1203
00:31:39,169 --> 00:31:40,960
that is usually unless you have threads
that are damaged or something that is

1204
00:31:40,960 --> 00:31:40,970
that are damaged or something that is
 

1205
00:31:40,970 --> 00:31:45,129
that are damaged or something that is
usually next to nothing then the

1206
00:31:45,129 --> 00:31:45,139
usually next to nothing then the
 

1207
00:31:45,139 --> 00:31:48,669
usually next to nothing then the
installation torque design torque

1208
00:31:48,669 --> 00:31:48,679
installation torque design torque
 

1209
00:31:48,679 --> 00:31:50,830
installation torque design torque
applied the tightening direction and

1210
00:31:50,830 --> 00:31:50,840
applied the tightening direction and
 

1211
00:31:50,840 --> 00:31:56,560
applied the tightening direction and
includes kinetic static friction self

1212
00:31:56,560 --> 00:31:56,570
includes kinetic static friction self
 

1213
00:31:56,570 --> 00:32:01,210
includes kinetic static friction self
locking features and required to apply a

1214
00:32:01,210 --> 00:32:01,220
locking features and required to apply a
 

1215
00:32:01,220 --> 00:32:03,340
locking features and required to apply a
desired axial load to the fastener

1216
00:32:03,340 --> 00:32:03,350
desired axial load to the fastener
 

1217
00:32:03,350 --> 00:32:06,009
desired axial load to the fastener
assembly so its measured in the

1218
00:32:06,009 --> 00:32:06,019
assembly so its measured in the
 

1219
00:32:06,019 --> 00:32:08,619
assembly so its measured in the
tightening direction only and of course

1220
00:32:08,619 --> 00:32:08,629
tightening direction only and of course
 

1221
00:32:08,629 --> 00:32:10,810
tightening direction only and of course
the the thing that is usually in

1222
00:32:10,810 --> 00:32:10,820
the the thing that is usually in
 

1223
00:32:10,820 --> 00:32:14,109
the the thing that is usually in
determinants are not indeterminate but

1224
00:32:14,109 --> 00:32:14,119
determinants are not indeterminate but
 

1225
00:32:14,119 --> 00:32:17,289
determinants are not indeterminate but
hard to determine is how much actually a

1226
00:32:17,289 --> 00:32:17,299
hard to determine is how much actually a
 

1227
00:32:17,299 --> 00:32:20,590
hard to determine is how much actually a
load do you really get for a given

1228
00:32:20,590 --> 00:32:20,600
load do you really get for a given
 

1229
00:32:20,600 --> 00:32:24,399
load do you really get for a given
torque and here's limiting torque and so

1230
00:32:24,399 --> 00:32:24,409
torque and here's limiting torque and so
 

1231
00:32:24,409 --> 00:32:26,200
torque and here's limiting torque and so
on which you can read through these

1232
00:32:26,200 --> 00:32:26,210
on which you can read through these
 

1233
00:32:26,210 --> 00:32:28,599
on which you can read through these
multiple torque required to see parts

1234
00:32:28,599 --> 00:32:28,609
multiple torque required to see parts
 

1235
00:32:28,609 --> 00:32:30,779
multiple torque required to see parts
where you have heavy interferences and

1236
00:32:30,779 --> 00:32:30,789
where you have heavy interferences and
 

1237
00:32:30,789 --> 00:32:36,789
where you have heavy interferences and
assembly and one of these has to do with

1238
00:32:36,789 --> 00:32:36,799
assembly and one of these has to do with
 

1239
00:32:36,799 --> 00:32:39,099
assembly and one of these has to do with
where if you're torquing fasteners on a

1240
00:32:39,099 --> 00:32:39,109
where if you're torquing fasteners on a
 

1241
00:32:39,109 --> 00:32:41,080
where if you're torquing fasteners on a
flange or if you're torquing the lug

1242
00:32:41,080 --> 00:32:41,090
flange or if you're torquing the lug
 

1243
00:32:41,090 --> 00:32:42,789
flange or if you're torquing the lug
bolts on your car or something you know

1244
00:32:42,789 --> 00:32:42,799
bolts on your car or something you know
 

1245
00:32:42,799 --> 00:32:45,869
bolts on your car or something you know
you always talk 180 degrees apart and

1246
00:32:45,869 --> 00:32:45,879
you always talk 180 degrees apart and
 

1247
00:32:45,879 --> 00:32:49,739
you always talk 180 degrees apart and
after you get them snug down so that you

1248
00:32:49,739 --> 00:32:49,749
after you get them snug down so that you
 

1249
00:32:49,749 --> 00:32:53,320
after you get them snug down so that you
get the effect of the adjacent fastener

1250
00:32:53,320 --> 00:32:53,330
get the effect of the adjacent fastener
 

1251
00:32:53,330 --> 00:32:55,060
get the effect of the adjacent fastener
to the one that you're talking down to

1252
00:32:55,060 --> 00:32:55,070
to the one that you're talking down to
 

1253
00:32:55,070 --> 00:32:56,320
to the one that you're talking down to
make sure you're going to tighten down

1254
00:32:56,320 --> 00:32:56,330
make sure you're going to tighten down
 

1255
00:32:56,330 --> 00:32:59,409
make sure you're going to tighten down
because if you if you tighten tighten

1256
00:32:59,409 --> 00:32:59,419
because if you if you tighten tighten
 

1257
00:32:59,419 --> 00:33:01,989
because if you if you tighten tighten
them down and then tighten one down the

1258
00:33:01,989 --> 00:33:01,999
them down and then tighten one down the
 

1259
00:33:01,999 --> 00:33:03,970
them down and then tighten one down the
one next to it will have a slight amount

1260
00:33:03,970 --> 00:33:03,980
one next to it will have a slight amount
 

1261
00:33:03,980 --> 00:33:07,269
one next to it will have a slight amount
of loosening due to the give of the

1262
00:33:07,269 --> 00:33:07,279
of loosening due to the give of the
 

1263
00:33:07,279 --> 00:33:10,840
of loosening due to the give of the
flange itself so you have to go back and

1264
00:33:10,840 --> 00:33:10,850
flange itself so you have to go back and
 

1265
00:33:10,850 --> 00:33:13,119
flange itself so you have to go back and
recheck them back to guy by the name of

1266
00:33:13,119 --> 00:33:13,129
recheck them back to guy by the name of
 

1267
00:33:13,129 --> 00:33:16,239
recheck them back to guy by the name of
George Bible formerly of the University

1268
00:33:16,239 --> 00:33:16,249
George Bible formerly of the University
 

1269
00:33:16,249 --> 00:33:18,460
George Bible formerly of the University
of Akron came up with a

1270
00:33:18,460 --> 00:33:18,470
of Akron came up with a
 

1271
00:33:18,470 --> 00:33:22,060
of Akron came up with a
pewter eyes program on dealing with

1272
00:33:22,060 --> 00:33:22,070
pewter eyes program on dealing with
 

1273
00:33:22,070 --> 00:33:25,510
pewter eyes program on dealing with
large flanges and we're talking near

1274
00:33:25,510 --> 00:33:25,520
large flanges and we're talking near
 

1275
00:33:25,520 --> 00:33:27,880
large flanges and we're talking near
six-foot flanges or something like that

1276
00:33:27,880 --> 00:33:27,890
six-foot flanges or something like that
 

1277
00:33:27,890 --> 00:33:32,860
six-foot flanges or something like that
on the iterative process for doing the

1278
00:33:32,860 --> 00:33:32,870
on the iterative process for doing the
 

1279
00:33:32,870 --> 00:33:35,620
on the iterative process for doing the
Turks on them to get them all Turk down

1280
00:33:35,620 --> 00:33:35,630
Turks on them to get them all Turk down
 

1281
00:33:35,630 --> 00:33:38,049
Turks on them to get them all Turk down
within satisfactory limits and gave a

1282
00:33:38,049 --> 00:33:38,059
within satisfactory limits and gave a
 

1283
00:33:38,059 --> 00:33:40,419
within satisfactory limits and gave a
presentation one time at the voting

1284
00:33:40,419 --> 00:33:40,429
presentation one time at the voting
 

1285
00:33:40,429 --> 00:33:43,120
presentation one time at the voting
Technology Council now here's the

1286
00:33:43,120 --> 00:33:43,130
Technology Council now here's the
 

1287
00:33:43,130 --> 00:33:46,510
Technology Council now here's the
seating torque and that's just to bring

1288
00:33:46,510 --> 00:33:46,520
seating torque and that's just to bring
 

1289
00:33:46,520 --> 00:33:49,270
seating torque and that's just to bring
the bearing faces into a seated position

1290
00:33:49,270 --> 00:33:49,280
the bearing faces into a seated position
 

1291
00:33:49,280 --> 00:33:51,360
the bearing faces into a seated position
and then the the break loose torque

1292
00:33:51,360 --> 00:33:51,370
and then the the break loose torque
 

1293
00:33:51,370 --> 00:33:54,340
and then the the break loose torque
torque required to loosen the fastener

1294
00:33:54,340 --> 00:33:54,350
torque required to loosen the fastener
 

1295
00:33:54,350 --> 00:33:55,899
torque required to loosen the fastener
from its installed position there's

1296
00:33:55,899 --> 00:33:55,909
from its installed position there's
 

1297
00:33:55,909 --> 00:33:57,909
from its installed position there's
various other definitions that get too

1298
00:33:57,909 --> 00:33:57,919
various other definitions that get too
 

1299
00:33:57,919 --> 00:34:01,510
various other definitions that get too
confusing and Harold Casper and I went

1300
00:34:01,510 --> 00:34:01,520
confusing and Harold Casper and I went
 

1301
00:34:01,520 --> 00:34:03,580
confusing and Harold Casper and I went
through them and eliminated some of them

1302
00:34:03,580 --> 00:34:03,590
through them and eliminated some of them
 

1303
00:34:03,590 --> 00:34:06,669
through them and eliminated some of them
that created too much confusion now

1304
00:34:06,669 --> 00:34:06,679
that created too much confusion now
 

1305
00:34:06,679 --> 00:34:08,379
that created too much confusion now
here's the big question what part

1306
00:34:08,379 --> 00:34:08,389
here's the big question what part
 

1307
00:34:08,389 --> 00:34:13,000
here's the big question what part
tension and that's the most

1308
00:34:13,000 --> 00:34:13,010
tension and that's the most
 

1309
00:34:13,010 --> 00:34:16,780
tension and that's the most
unpredictable one and the clamp load in

1310
00:34:16,780 --> 00:34:16,790
unpredictable one and the clamp load in
 

1311
00:34:16,790 --> 00:34:18,760
unpredictable one and the clamp load in
general only represents something like

1312
00:34:18,760 --> 00:34:18,770
general only represents something like
 

1313
00:34:18,770 --> 00:34:21,550
general only represents something like
10 to 25% of the applied torque because

1314
00:34:21,550 --> 00:34:21,560
10 to 25% of the applied torque because
 

1315
00:34:21,560 --> 00:34:23,099
10 to 25% of the applied torque because
the rest of it is used to overcome

1316
00:34:23,099 --> 00:34:23,109
the rest of it is used to overcome
 

1317
00:34:23,109 --> 00:34:26,379
the rest of it is used to overcome
friction and various other things in the

1318
00:34:26,379 --> 00:34:26,389
friction and various other things in the
 

1319
00:34:26,389 --> 00:34:30,550
friction and various other things in the
joint so but the thing that you've got

1320
00:34:30,550 --> 00:34:30,560
joint so but the thing that you've got
 

1321
00:34:30,560 --> 00:34:33,720
joint so but the thing that you've got
to look at is just because you put a

1322
00:34:33,720 --> 00:34:33,730
to look at is just because you put a
 

1323
00:34:33,730 --> 00:34:36,490
to look at is just because you put a
certain amount of torque into a fastener

1324
00:34:36,490 --> 00:34:36,500
certain amount of torque into a fastener
 

1325
00:34:36,500 --> 00:34:38,290
certain amount of torque into a fastener
and it doesn't have a lot of axial load

1326
00:34:38,290 --> 00:34:38,300
and it doesn't have a lot of axial load
 

1327
00:34:38,300 --> 00:34:41,169
and it doesn't have a lot of axial load
on it doesn't mean that that torque went

1328
00:34:41,169 --> 00:34:41,179
on it doesn't mean that that torque went
 

1329
00:34:41,179 --> 00:34:45,030
on it doesn't mean that that torque went
away it's still in there and shir

1330
00:34:45,030 --> 00:34:45,040
away it's still in there and shir
 

1331
00:34:45,040 --> 00:34:47,290
away it's still in there and shir
somewhere it has to be accounted for so

1332
00:34:47,290 --> 00:34:47,300
somewhere it has to be accounted for so
 

1333
00:34:47,300 --> 00:34:49,629
somewhere it has to be accounted for so
that's why you got to be careful on over

1334
00:34:49,629 --> 00:34:49,639
that's why you got to be careful on over
 

1335
00:34:49,639 --> 00:34:51,970
that's why you got to be careful on over
torquing stuff and you got to combine

1336
00:34:51,970 --> 00:34:51,980
torquing stuff and you got to combine
 

1337
00:34:51,980 --> 00:34:55,210
torquing stuff and you got to combine
stresses and check them all against the

1338
00:34:55,210 --> 00:34:55,220
stresses and check them all against the
 

1339
00:34:55,220 --> 00:34:58,359
stresses and check them all against the
total strength of the fastener so and of

1340
00:34:58,359 --> 00:34:58,369
total strength of the fastener so and of
 

1341
00:34:58,369 --> 00:35:02,109
total strength of the fastener so and of
course this is the thing here that the

1342
00:35:02,109 --> 00:35:02,119
course this is the thing here that the
 

1343
00:35:02,119 --> 00:35:05,710
course this is the thing here that the
von Mises stresses can be calculated and

1344
00:35:05,710 --> 00:35:05,720
von Mises stresses can be calculated and
 

1345
00:35:05,720 --> 00:35:07,359
von Mises stresses can be calculated and
compared to yield and ultimate strength

1346
00:35:07,359 --> 00:35:07,369
compared to yield and ultimate strength
 

1347
00:35:07,369 --> 00:35:14,500
compared to yield and ultimate strength
of the material so or for those of you

1348
00:35:14,500 --> 00:35:14,510
of the material so or for those of you
 

1349
00:35:14,510 --> 00:35:18,010
of the material so or for those of you
who feel academically inclined you could

1350
00:35:18,010 --> 00:35:18,020
who feel academically inclined you could
 

1351
00:35:18,020 --> 00:35:20,680
who feel academically inclined you could
use a Mohr circle and take share in

1352
00:35:20,680 --> 00:35:20,690
use a Mohr circle and take share in
 

1353
00:35:20,690 --> 00:35:22,720
use a Mohr circle and take share in
tension and plot them out and get all

1354
00:35:22,720 --> 00:35:22,730
tension and plot them out and get all
 

1355
00:35:22,730 --> 00:35:25,120
tension and plot them out and get all
that sort of thing but stress ratios

1356
00:35:25,120 --> 00:35:25,130
that sort of thing but stress ratios
 

1357
00:35:25,130 --> 00:35:29,650
that sort of thing but stress ratios
work better so and their artwork values

1358
00:35:29,650 --> 00:35:29,660
work better so and their artwork values
 

1359
00:35:29,660 --> 00:35:32,390
work better so and their artwork values
and these are tongue-in-cheek not

1360
00:35:32,390 --> 00:35:32,400
and these are tongue-in-cheek not
 

1361
00:35:32,400 --> 00:35:34,760
and these are tongue-in-cheek not
one's for both inch and metric fasteners

1362
00:35:34,760 --> 00:35:34,770
one's for both inch and metric fasteners
 

1363
00:35:34,770 --> 00:35:36,799
one's for both inch and metric fasteners
in the appendices which you would get

1364
00:35:36,799 --> 00:35:36,809
in the appendices which you would get
 

1365
00:35:36,809 --> 00:35:43,220
in the appendices which you would get
layer clerk accuracies it's only as good

1366
00:35:43,220 --> 00:35:43,230
layer clerk accuracies it's only as good
 

1367
00:35:43,230 --> 00:35:44,930
layer clerk accuracies it's only as good
as the type of measuring device in the

1368
00:35:44,930 --> 00:35:44,940
as the type of measuring device in the
 

1369
00:35:44,940 --> 00:35:48,079
as the type of measuring device in the
operator and of all these methods the

1370
00:35:48,079 --> 00:35:48,089
operator and of all these methods the
 

1371
00:35:48,089 --> 00:35:50,210
operator and of all these methods the
worst one of all is the impact wrench

1372
00:35:50,210 --> 00:35:50,220
worst one of all is the impact wrench
 

1373
00:35:50,220 --> 00:35:53,000
worst one of all is the impact wrench
Joe Greenslade who is a writer

1374
00:35:53,000 --> 00:35:53,010
Joe Greenslade who is a writer
 

1375
00:35:53,010 --> 00:35:57,799
Joe Greenslade who is a writer
in the fastener world put out an article

1376
00:35:57,799 --> 00:35:57,809
in the fastener world put out an article
 

1377
00:35:57,809 --> 00:35:59,720
in the fastener world put out an article
here sometime back then I got a chuckle

1378
00:35:59,720 --> 00:35:59,730
here sometime back then I got a chuckle
 

1379
00:35:59,730 --> 00:36:03,170
here sometime back then I got a chuckle
out of he believe it was titled impact

1380
00:36:03,170 --> 00:36:03,180
out of he believe it was titled impact
 

1381
00:36:03,180 --> 00:36:03,769
out of he believe it was titled impact
wrench

1382
00:36:03,769 --> 00:36:03,779
wrench
 

1383
00:36:03,779 --> 00:36:09,620
wrench
the engineers worst enemy because the

1384
00:36:09,620 --> 00:36:09,630
the engineers worst enemy because the
 

1385
00:36:09,630 --> 00:36:11,870
the engineers worst enemy because the
impact wrenches that these garages use

1386
00:36:11,870 --> 00:36:11,880
impact wrenches that these garages use
 

1387
00:36:11,880 --> 00:36:15,650
impact wrenches that these garages use
are never calibrated probably and they

1388
00:36:15,650 --> 00:36:15,660
are never calibrated probably and they
 

1389
00:36:15,660 --> 00:36:18,079
are never calibrated probably and they
put them on real good and tight and then

1390
00:36:18,079 --> 00:36:18,089
put them on real good and tight and then
 

1391
00:36:18,089 --> 00:36:20,420
put them on real good and tight and then
you need a truck breaker bar to get your

1392
00:36:20,420 --> 00:36:20,430
you need a truck breaker bar to get your
 

1393
00:36:20,430 --> 00:36:22,849
you need a truck breaker bar to get your
lug nuts loose on your car when you go

1394
00:36:22,849 --> 00:36:22,859
lug nuts loose on your car when you go
 

1395
00:36:22,859 --> 00:36:26,210
lug nuts loose on your car when you go
to take it off so so that's the worst

1396
00:36:26,210 --> 00:36:26,220
to take it off so so that's the worst
 

1397
00:36:26,220 --> 00:36:31,609
to take it off so so that's the worst
one and if a perk wrench is used to

1398
00:36:31,609 --> 00:36:31,619
one and if a perk wrench is used to
 

1399
00:36:31,619 --> 00:36:34,160
one and if a perk wrench is used to
apply torque the applied torque should

1400
00:36:34,160 --> 00:36:34,170
apply torque the applied torque should
 

1401
00:36:34,170 --> 00:36:37,640
apply torque the applied torque should
be at least 70% a full scale of the

1402
00:36:37,640 --> 00:36:37,650
be at least 70% a full scale of the
 

1403
00:36:37,650 --> 00:36:40,390
be at least 70% a full scale of the
wrench in other words don't use a

1404
00:36:40,390 --> 00:36:40,400
wrench in other words don't use a
 

1405
00:36:40,400 --> 00:36:43,700
wrench in other words don't use a
hundred and seventy five foot pound

1406
00:36:43,700 --> 00:36:43,710
hundred and seventy five foot pound
 

1407
00:36:43,710 --> 00:36:45,380
hundred and seventy five foot pound
torque wrench with a number eight

1408
00:36:45,380 --> 00:36:45,390
torque wrench with a number eight
 

1409
00:36:45,390 --> 00:36:48,079
torque wrench with a number eight
fastener because there's no accuracy

1410
00:36:48,079 --> 00:36:48,089
fastener because there's no accuracy
 

1411
00:36:48,089 --> 00:36:49,400
fastener because there's no accuracy
there just like it is with any other

1412
00:36:49,400 --> 00:36:49,410
there just like it is with any other
 

1413
00:36:49,410 --> 00:36:51,260
there just like it is with any other
reading if you're doing instrumentation

1414
00:36:51,260 --> 00:36:51,270
reading if you're doing instrumentation
 

1415
00:36:51,270 --> 00:36:55,730
reading if you're doing instrumentation
you try to get say 70% of full scale in

1416
00:36:55,730 --> 00:36:55,740
you try to get say 70% of full scale in
 

1417
00:36:55,740 --> 00:36:59,930
you try to get say 70% of full scale in
the range of your actual measurements

1418
00:36:59,930 --> 00:36:59,940
the range of your actual measurements
 

1419
00:36:59,940 --> 00:37:01,910
the range of your actual measurements
that you're making because you don't

1420
00:37:01,910 --> 00:37:01,920
that you're making because you don't
 

1421
00:37:01,920 --> 00:37:06,710
that you're making because you don't
since the tolerances are a percentage

1422
00:37:06,710 --> 00:37:06,720
since the tolerances are a percentage
 

1423
00:37:06,720 --> 00:37:08,420
since the tolerances are a percentage
you won't you do not want to be

1424
00:37:08,420 --> 00:37:08,430
you won't you do not want to be
 

1425
00:37:08,430 --> 00:37:10,339
you won't you do not want to be
measuring in the bottom 10% of your

1426
00:37:10,339 --> 00:37:10,349
measuring in the bottom 10% of your
 

1427
00:37:10,349 --> 00:37:12,470
measuring in the bottom 10% of your
scale when you're making readings on

1428
00:37:12,470 --> 00:37:12,480
scale when you're making readings on
 

1429
00:37:12,480 --> 00:37:16,370
scale when you're making readings on
anything now

1430
00:37:16,370 --> 00:37:16,380
anything now
 

1431
00:37:16,380 --> 00:37:21,099
anything now
here is a table with approximate values

1432
00:37:21,099 --> 00:37:21,109
here is a table with approximate values
 

1433
00:37:21,109 --> 00:37:24,019
here is a table with approximate values
for Terk measuring methods versus the

1434
00:37:24,019 --> 00:37:24,029
for Terk measuring methods versus the
 

1435
00:37:24,029 --> 00:37:29,210
for Terk measuring methods versus the
accuracy and cost now you see the feel

1436
00:37:29,210 --> 00:37:29,220
accuracy and cost now you see the feel
 

1437
00:37:29,220 --> 00:37:33,500
accuracy and cost now you see the feel
there in which the guy just says well

1438
00:37:33,500 --> 00:37:33,510
there in which the guy just says well
 

1439
00:37:33,510 --> 00:37:36,079
there in which the guy just says well
I've been doing this for years so this

1440
00:37:36,079 --> 00:37:36,089
I've been doing this for years so this
 

1441
00:37:36,089 --> 00:37:39,250
I've been doing this for years so this
is about what this should have on it

1442
00:37:39,250 --> 00:37:39,260
is about what this should have on it
 

1443
00:37:39,260 --> 00:37:43,339
is about what this should have on it
cheap way of doing it and a lot of it if

1444
00:37:43,339 --> 00:37:43,349
cheap way of doing it and a lot of it if
 

1445
00:37:43,349 --> 00:37:45,260
cheap way of doing it and a lot of it if
you've been I've been feeling those

1446
00:37:45,260 --> 00:37:45,270
you've been I've been feeling those
 

1447
00:37:45,270 --> 00:37:46,309
you've been I've been feeling those
joints for years like

1448
00:37:46,309 --> 00:37:46,319
joints for years like
 

1449
00:37:46,319 --> 00:37:50,660
joints for years like
that a lot of times it will suffice I

1450
00:37:50,660 --> 00:37:50,670
that a lot of times it will suffice I
 

1451
00:37:50,670 --> 00:37:53,269
that a lot of times it will suffice I
don't use a perk branch on my car unless

1452
00:37:53,269 --> 00:37:53,279
don't use a perk branch on my car unless
 

1453
00:37:53,279 --> 00:37:55,969
don't use a perk branch on my car unless
there's a specified value called for

1454
00:37:55,969 --> 00:37:55,979
there's a specified value called for
 

1455
00:37:55,979 --> 00:37:57,620
there's a specified value called for
like a tie rod end or something like

1456
00:37:57,620 --> 00:37:57,630
like a tie rod end or something like
 

1457
00:37:57,630 --> 00:37:58,729
like a tie rod end or something like
that where you have to go to a high

1458
00:37:58,729 --> 00:37:58,739
that where you have to go to a high
 

1459
00:37:58,739 --> 00:38:00,589
that where you have to go to a high
torque value then I get out the turqu

1460
00:38:00,589 --> 00:38:00,599
torque value then I get out the turqu
 

1461
00:38:00,599 --> 00:38:03,410
torque value then I get out the turqu
wrench otherwise I don't an impact

1462
00:38:03,410 --> 00:38:03,420
wrench otherwise I don't an impact
 

1463
00:38:03,420 --> 00:38:06,890
wrench otherwise I don't an impact
wrench and it's it's been probably even

1464
00:38:06,890 --> 00:38:06,900
wrench and it's it's been probably even
 

1465
00:38:06,900 --> 00:38:09,319
wrench and it's it's been probably even
worse than that but that's the value

1466
00:38:09,319 --> 00:38:09,329
worse than that but that's the value
 

1467
00:38:09,329 --> 00:38:12,890
worse than that but that's the value
that some of us had agreed to before the

1468
00:38:12,890 --> 00:38:12,900
that some of us had agreed to before the
 

1469
00:38:12,900 --> 00:38:14,509
that some of us had agreed to before the
torque wrench that actually gives you a

1470
00:38:14,509 --> 00:38:14,519
torque wrench that actually gives you a
 

1471
00:38:14,519 --> 00:38:15,939
torque wrench that actually gives you a
reading

1472
00:38:15,939 --> 00:38:15,949
reading
 

1473
00:38:15,949 --> 00:38:19,819
reading
about plus or minus 25 turn of the nut

1474
00:38:19,819 --> 00:38:19,829
about plus or minus 25 turn of the nut
 

1475
00:38:19,829 --> 00:38:22,029
about plus or minus 25 turn of the nut
now that's a method which I will cover

1476
00:38:22,029 --> 00:38:22,039
now that's a method which I will cover
 

1477
00:38:22,039 --> 00:38:27,979
now that's a method which I will cover
later which is fairly accurate as long

1478
00:38:27,979 --> 00:38:27,989
later which is fairly accurate as long
 

1479
00:38:27,989 --> 00:38:29,749
later which is fairly accurate as long
as you want to use it but you probably

1480
00:38:29,749 --> 00:38:29,759
as you want to use it but you probably
 

1481
00:38:29,759 --> 00:38:31,130
as you want to use it but you probably
wouldn't want to use it because you go

1482
00:38:31,130 --> 00:38:31,140
wouldn't want to use it because you go
 

1483
00:38:31,140 --> 00:38:34,069
wouldn't want to use it because you go
above yield on the passenger then these

1484
00:38:34,069 --> 00:38:34,079
above yield on the passenger then these
 

1485
00:38:34,079 --> 00:38:37,099
above yield on the passenger then these
load indicating washers they give pretty

1486
00:38:37,099 --> 00:38:37,109
load indicating washers they give pretty
 

1487
00:38:37,109 --> 00:38:39,829
load indicating washers they give pretty
good accuracy but of course the amount

1488
00:38:39,829 --> 00:38:39,839
good accuracy but of course the amount
 

1489
00:38:39,839 --> 00:38:43,029
good accuracy but of course the amount
of labor involved runs the cost up

1490
00:38:43,029 --> 00:38:43,039
of labor involved runs the cost up
 

1491
00:38:43,039 --> 00:38:46,039
of labor involved runs the cost up
remember I covered those the the one

1492
00:38:46,039 --> 00:38:46,049
remember I covered those the the one
 

1493
00:38:46,049 --> 00:38:47,839
remember I covered those the the one
that had the little bumps on it and the

1494
00:38:47,839 --> 00:38:47,849
that had the little bumps on it and the
 

1495
00:38:47,849 --> 00:38:49,430
that had the little bumps on it and the
other one that had the little internal

1496
00:38:49,430 --> 00:38:49,440
other one that had the little internal
 

1497
00:38:49,440 --> 00:38:52,910
other one that had the little internal
bushing that you compressed fastener

1498
00:38:52,910 --> 00:38:52,920
bushing that you compressed fastener
 

1499
00:38:52,920 --> 00:38:56,660
bushing that you compressed fastener
elongation now that could be used if you

1500
00:38:56,660 --> 00:38:56,670
elongation now that could be used if you
 

1501
00:38:56,670 --> 00:39:00,229
elongation now that could be used if you
are say bolting a flange and you have a

1502
00:39:00,229 --> 00:39:00,239
are say bolting a flange and you have a
 

1503
00:39:00,239 --> 00:39:02,930
are say bolting a flange and you have a
guy there with a scale an accurate scale

1504
00:39:02,930 --> 00:39:02,940
guy there with a scale an accurate scale
 

1505
00:39:02,940 --> 00:39:05,390
guy there with a scale an accurate scale
he can actually measure fastener

1506
00:39:05,390 --> 00:39:05,400
he can actually measure fastener
 

1507
00:39:05,400 --> 00:39:08,420
he can actually measure fastener
elongation velocity subtracts out the

1508
00:39:08,420 --> 00:39:08,430
elongation velocity subtracts out the
 

1509
00:39:08,430 --> 00:39:11,089
elongation velocity subtracts out the
dead part that didn't expand on it and

1510
00:39:11,089 --> 00:39:11,099
dead part that didn't expand on it and
 

1511
00:39:11,099 --> 00:39:14,299
dead part that didn't expand on it and
get some idea as to where he's at on it

1512
00:39:14,299 --> 00:39:14,309
get some idea as to where he's at on it
 

1513
00:39:14,309 --> 00:39:17,539
get some idea as to where he's at on it
but then you can go to string gauges now

1514
00:39:17,539 --> 00:39:17,549
but then you can go to string gauges now
 

1515
00:39:17,549 --> 00:39:21,680
but then you can go to string gauges now
strain gauges are real accurate but the

1516
00:39:21,680 --> 00:39:21,690
strain gauges are real accurate but the
 

1517
00:39:21,690 --> 00:39:26,809
strain gauges are real accurate but the
only thing is how do you do it how do

1518
00:39:26,809 --> 00:39:26,819
only thing is how do you do it how do
 

1519
00:39:26,819 --> 00:39:28,729
only thing is how do you do it how do
you put strain gauges on a bolt etre

1520
00:39:28,729 --> 00:39:28,739
you put strain gauges on a bolt etre
 

1521
00:39:28,739 --> 00:39:30,650
you put strain gauges on a bolt etre
installing down in the hole it's kind of

1522
00:39:30,650 --> 00:39:30,660
installing down in the hole it's kind of
 

1523
00:39:30,660 --> 00:39:34,789
installing down in the hole it's kind of
hard to do so so what what you normally

1524
00:39:34,789 --> 00:39:34,799
hard to do so so what what you normally
 

1525
00:39:34,799 --> 00:39:37,400
hard to do so so what what you normally
do with the strain gauge is is if you're

1526
00:39:37,400 --> 00:39:37,410
do with the strain gauge is is if you're
 

1527
00:39:37,410 --> 00:39:39,559
do with the strain gauge is is if you're
really interested in finding exactly

1528
00:39:39,559 --> 00:39:39,569
really interested in finding exactly
 

1529
00:39:39,569 --> 00:39:42,170
really interested in finding exactly
what you want you put them on one of the

1530
00:39:42,170 --> 00:39:42,180
what you want you put them on one of the
 

1531
00:39:42,180 --> 00:39:43,819
what you want you put them on one of the
bolts and test it under the same

1532
00:39:43,819 --> 00:39:43,829
bolts and test it under the same
 

1533
00:39:43,829 --> 00:39:46,189
bolts and test it under the same
conditions as nearly as you can to

1534
00:39:46,189 --> 00:39:46,199
conditions as nearly as you can to
 

1535
00:39:46,199 --> 00:39:48,489
conditions as nearly as you can to
duplicate the actual installation and

1536
00:39:48,489 --> 00:39:48,499
duplicate the actual installation and
 

1537
00:39:48,499 --> 00:39:51,259
duplicate the actual installation and
get a quick reading from that and then

1538
00:39:51,259 --> 00:39:51,269
get a quick reading from that and then
 

1539
00:39:51,269 --> 00:39:54,559
get a quick reading from that and then
use that torque reading on the bolt

1540
00:39:54,559 --> 00:39:54,569
use that torque reading on the bolt
 

1541
00:39:54,569 --> 00:39:56,989
use that torque reading on the bolt
you're gonna install then of course the

1542
00:39:56,989 --> 00:39:56,999
you're gonna install then of course the
 

1543
00:39:56,999 --> 00:39:59,690
you're gonna install then of course the
other thing was these direct

1544
00:39:59,690 --> 00:39:59,700
other thing was these direct
 

1545
00:39:59,700 --> 00:40:02,000
other thing was these direct
and indicating bolts which is kind of a

1546
00:40:02,000 --> 00:40:02,010
and indicating bolts which is kind of a
 

1547
00:40:02,010 --> 00:40:06,020
and indicating bolts which is kind of a
strain gauge type setup so I will cover

1548
00:40:06,020 --> 00:40:06,030
strain gauge type setup so I will cover
 

1549
00:40:06,030 --> 00:40:12,380
strain gauge type setup so I will cover
some of those in further texture now

1550
00:40:12,380 --> 00:40:12,390
some of those in further texture now
 

1551
00:40:12,390 --> 00:40:17,030
some of those in further texture now
perks draping that is used a lot by the

1552
00:40:17,030 --> 00:40:17,040
perks draping that is used a lot by the
 

1553
00:40:17,040 --> 00:40:21,470
perks draping that is used a lot by the
aerospace companies for after you have

1554
00:40:21,470 --> 00:40:21,480
aerospace companies for after you have
 

1555
00:40:21,480 --> 00:40:23,780
aerospace companies for after you have
decided the final torque value on a

1556
00:40:23,780 --> 00:40:23,790
decided the final torque value on a
 

1557
00:40:23,790 --> 00:40:27,470
decided the final torque value on a
fastener you actually just take a marker

1558
00:40:27,470 --> 00:40:27,480
fastener you actually just take a marker
 

1559
00:40:27,480 --> 00:40:29,359
fastener you actually just take a marker
of some kind they used to use a paint

1560
00:40:29,359 --> 00:40:29,369
of some kind they used to use a paint
 

1561
00:40:29,369 --> 00:40:33,710
of some kind they used to use a paint
now we use a blue sharpie pen to mark

1562
00:40:33,710 --> 00:40:33,720
now we use a blue sharpie pen to mark
 

1563
00:40:33,720 --> 00:40:38,960
now we use a blue sharpie pen to mark
across the head or the nut straight

1564
00:40:38,960 --> 00:40:38,970
across the head or the nut straight
 

1565
00:40:38,970 --> 00:40:42,440
across the head or the nut straight
across onto the surrounding surface now

1566
00:40:42,440 --> 00:40:42,450
across onto the surrounding surface now
 

1567
00:40:42,450 --> 00:40:46,550
across onto the surrounding surface now
this is a visual indication if the thing

1568
00:40:46,550 --> 00:40:46,560
this is a visual indication if the thing
 

1569
00:40:46,560 --> 00:40:49,640
this is a visual indication if the thing
switches position on you because it will

1570
00:40:49,640 --> 00:40:49,650
switches position on you because it will
 

1571
00:40:49,650 --> 00:40:51,260
switches position on you because it will
show up because the two marks don't line

1572
00:40:51,260 --> 00:40:51,270
show up because the two marks don't line
 

1573
00:40:51,270 --> 00:40:57,170
show up because the two marks don't line
up anymore and that is a very common

1574
00:40:57,170 --> 00:40:57,180
up anymore and that is a very common
 

1575
00:40:57,180 --> 00:40:59,060
up anymore and that is a very common
thing in the aerospace world that way

1576
00:40:59,060 --> 00:40:59,070
thing in the aerospace world that way
 

1577
00:40:59,070 --> 00:41:01,430
thing in the aerospace world that way
you can look in later and see whether

1578
00:41:01,430 --> 00:41:01,440
you can look in later and see whether
 

1579
00:41:01,440 --> 00:41:03,290
you can look in later and see whether
anything has changed on your

1580
00:41:03,290 --> 00:41:03,300
anything has changed on your
 

1581
00:41:03,300 --> 00:41:07,250
anything has changed on your
installation now joint relaxation that's

1582
00:41:07,250 --> 00:41:07,260
installation now joint relaxation that's
 

1583
00:41:07,260 --> 00:41:10,690
installation now joint relaxation that's
not what you're going to after today

1584
00:41:10,690 --> 00:41:10,700
not what you're going to after today
 

1585
00:41:10,700 --> 00:41:13,670
not what you're going to after today
it's defined it's the unloading of a

1586
00:41:13,670 --> 00:41:13,680
it's defined it's the unloading of a
 

1587
00:41:13,680 --> 00:41:16,579
it's defined it's the unloading of a
fastener after its final torque due to a

1588
00:41:16,579 --> 00:41:16,589
fastener after its final torque due to a
 

1589
00:41:16,589 --> 00:41:19,400
fastener after its final torque due to a
number of contributing factors and here

1590
00:41:19,400 --> 00:41:19,410
number of contributing factors and here
 

1591
00:41:19,410 --> 00:41:21,770
number of contributing factors and here
are some of the major factors embedment

1592
00:41:21,770 --> 00:41:21,780
are some of the major factors embedment
 

1593
00:41:21,780 --> 00:41:24,559
are some of the major factors embedment
of the washer the head or the nut in the

1594
00:41:24,559 --> 00:41:24,569
of the washer the head or the nut in the
 

1595
00:41:24,569 --> 00:41:27,589
of the washer the head or the nut in the
joint material yielding of a high spot

1596
00:41:27,589 --> 00:41:27,599
joint material yielding of a high spot
 

1597
00:41:27,599 --> 00:41:29,540
joint material yielding of a high spot
or blemish on the head nut or washer

1598
00:41:29,540 --> 00:41:29,550
or blemish on the head nut or washer
 

1599
00:41:29,550 --> 00:41:32,710
or blemish on the head nut or washer
joint surface after final tightening and

1600
00:41:32,710 --> 00:41:32,720
joint surface after final tightening and
 

1601
00:41:32,720 --> 00:41:35,599
joint surface after final tightening and
untwisting of a fastener from initial

1602
00:41:35,599 --> 00:41:35,609
untwisting of a fastener from initial
 

1603
00:41:35,609 --> 00:41:37,670
untwisting of a fastener from initial
torsion where the shank had an

1604
00:41:37,670 --> 00:41:37,680
torsion where the shank had an
 

1605
00:41:37,680 --> 00:41:39,380
torsion where the shank had an
interference bit in the hole so you

1606
00:41:39,380 --> 00:41:39,390
interference bit in the hole so you
 

1607
00:41:39,390 --> 00:41:41,329
interference bit in the hole so you
cranked it down but a lot of that went

1608
00:41:41,329 --> 00:41:41,339
cranked it down but a lot of that went
 

1609
00:41:41,339 --> 00:41:45,200
cranked it down but a lot of that went
in to putting some torsional twist into

1610
00:41:45,200 --> 00:41:45,210
in to putting some torsional twist into
 

1611
00:41:45,210 --> 00:41:51,349
in to putting some torsional twist into
the fastener and so after the thing

1612
00:41:51,349 --> 00:41:51,359
the fastener and so after the thing
 

1613
00:41:51,359 --> 00:41:53,809
the fastener and so after the thing
settles down it kind of makes its way

1614
00:41:53,809 --> 00:41:53,819
settles down it kind of makes its way
 

1615
00:41:53,819 --> 00:41:56,839
settles down it kind of makes its way
back creeps back to a equilibrium

1616
00:41:56,839 --> 00:41:56,849
back creeps back to a equilibrium
 

1617
00:41:56,849 --> 00:41:59,329
back creeps back to a equilibrium
position and in doing so that will

1618
00:41:59,329 --> 00:41:59,339
position and in doing so that will
 

1619
00:41:59,339 --> 00:42:01,670
position and in doing so that will
lessen the load on the fastener itself

1620
00:42:01,670 --> 00:42:01,680
lessen the load on the fastener itself
 

1621
00:42:01,680 --> 00:42:03,829
lessen the load on the fastener itself
and then creep of the joint material

1622
00:42:03,829 --> 00:42:03,839
and then creep of the joint material
 

1623
00:42:03,839 --> 00:42:11,660
and then creep of the joint material
itself

1624
00:42:11,660 --> 00:42:11,670

 

1625
00:42:11,670 --> 00:42:14,220

then here's the other thing I mentioned

1626
00:42:14,220 --> 00:42:14,230
then here's the other thing I mentioned
 

1627
00:42:14,230 --> 00:42:18,990
then here's the other thing I mentioned
on the like the lug nuts on your car a

1628
00:42:18,990 --> 00:42:19,000
on the like the lug nuts on your car a
 

1629
00:42:19,000 --> 00:42:21,030
on the like the lug nuts on your car a
failure of the Installer to wreak torque

1630
00:42:21,030 --> 00:42:21,040
failure of the Installer to wreak torque
 

1631
00:42:21,040 --> 00:42:22,859
failure of the Installer to wreak torque
a pattern of fasteners after initial

1632
00:42:22,859 --> 00:42:22,869
a pattern of fasteners after initial
 

1633
00:42:22,869 --> 00:42:24,960
a pattern of fasteners after initial
installation to come compensate for

1634
00:42:24,960 --> 00:42:24,970
installation to come compensate for
 

1635
00:42:24,970 --> 00:42:26,579
installation to come compensate for
effects of adjacent fasteners to each

1636
00:42:26,579 --> 00:42:26,589
effects of adjacent fasteners to each
 

1637
00:42:26,589 --> 00:42:28,950
effects of adjacent fasteners to each
other because when you compress the

1638
00:42:28,950 --> 00:42:28,960
other because when you compress the
 

1639
00:42:28,960 --> 00:42:31,049
other because when you compress the
surface next to the the fastener you

1640
00:42:31,049 --> 00:42:31,059
surface next to the the fastener you
 

1641
00:42:31,059 --> 00:42:34,049
surface next to the the fastener you
talked before then it changes the load

1642
00:42:34,049 --> 00:42:34,059
talked before then it changes the load
 

1643
00:42:34,059 --> 00:42:35,520
talked before then it changes the load
on that fastener you got to go back to

1644
00:42:35,520 --> 00:42:35,530
on that fastener you got to go back to
 

1645
00:42:35,530 --> 00:42:39,750
on that fastener you got to go back to
return also here's here's one here's why

1646
00:42:39,750 --> 00:42:39,760
return also here's here's one here's why
 

1647
00:42:39,760 --> 00:42:41,309
return also here's here's one here's why
I don't like to go up to the yield point

1648
00:42:41,309 --> 00:42:41,319
I don't like to go up to the yield point
 

1649
00:42:41,319 --> 00:42:45,030
I don't like to go up to the yield point
on fasteners inadvertently exceeding the

1650
00:42:45,030 --> 00:42:45,040
on fasteners inadvertently exceeding the
 

1651
00:42:45,040 --> 00:42:47,130
on fasteners inadvertently exceeding the
yield point of the fastener during the

1652
00:42:47,130 --> 00:42:47,140
yield point of the fastener during the
 

1653
00:42:47,140 --> 00:42:48,809
yield point of the fastener during the
initial turkeying process now there

1654
00:42:48,809 --> 00:42:48,819
initial turkeying process now there
 

1655
00:42:48,819 --> 00:42:51,000
initial turkeying process now there
you're in real trouble in fact that's

1656
00:42:51,000 --> 00:42:51,010
you're in real trouble in fact that's
 

1657
00:42:51,010 --> 00:42:53,579
you're in real trouble in fact that's
what they did on that first time around

1658
00:42:53,579 --> 00:42:53,589
what they did on that first time around
 

1659
00:42:53,589 --> 00:42:56,460
what they did on that first time around
on that Center volt problems talked

1660
00:42:56,460 --> 00:42:56,470
on that Center volt problems talked
 

1661
00:42:56,470 --> 00:42:57,900
on that Center volt problems talked
about with the cryogenic temperatures

1662
00:42:57,900 --> 00:42:57,910
about with the cryogenic temperatures
 

1663
00:42:57,910 --> 00:42:59,309
about with the cryogenic temperatures
they say well we just increase the

1664
00:42:59,309 --> 00:42:59,319
they say well we just increase the
 

1665
00:42:59,319 --> 00:43:01,559
they say well we just increase the
torque so they increased the torque and

1666
00:43:01,559 --> 00:43:01,569
torque so they increased the torque and
 

1667
00:43:01,569 --> 00:43:03,150
torque so they increased the torque and
they were yielding some of the fasteners

1668
00:43:03,150 --> 00:43:03,160
they were yielding some of the fasteners
 

1669
00:43:03,160 --> 00:43:04,950
they were yielding some of the fasteners
when they checked them again they were

1670
00:43:04,950 --> 00:43:04,960
when they checked them again they were
 

1671
00:43:04,960 --> 00:43:06,990
when they checked them again they were
down to something like 40% of the

1672
00:43:06,990 --> 00:43:07,000
down to something like 40% of the
 

1673
00:43:07,000 --> 00:43:09,000
down to something like 40% of the
initial load so they had to go to higher

1674
00:43:09,000 --> 00:43:09,010
initial load so they had to go to higher
 

1675
00:43:09,010 --> 00:43:12,089
initial load so they had to go to higher
strength fasteners then the other thing

1676
00:43:12,089 --> 00:43:12,099
strength fasteners then the other thing
 

1677
00:43:12,099 --> 00:43:13,890
strength fasteners then the other thing
is critical joints should be inspected

1678
00:43:13,890 --> 00:43:13,900
is critical joints should be inspected
 

1679
00:43:13,900 --> 00:43:15,690
is critical joints should be inspected
for relaxation a few hours after

1680
00:43:15,690 --> 00:43:15,700
for relaxation a few hours after
 

1681
00:43:15,700 --> 00:43:17,430
for relaxation a few hours after
installation you go through and check

1682
00:43:17,430 --> 00:43:17,440
installation you go through and check
 

1683
00:43:17,440 --> 00:43:19,079
installation you go through and check
them with the same torque and see if any

1684
00:43:19,079 --> 00:43:19,089
them with the same torque and see if any
 

1685
00:43:19,089 --> 00:43:23,069
them with the same torque and see if any
of them have loosened up any now here's

1686
00:43:23,069 --> 00:43:23,079
of them have loosened up any now here's
 

1687
00:43:23,079 --> 00:43:26,130
of them have loosened up any now here's
the turn of the nut process and this is

1688
00:43:26,130 --> 00:43:26,140
the turn of the nut process and this is
 

1689
00:43:26,140 --> 00:43:28,760
the turn of the nut process and this is
used in the construction business

1690
00:43:28,760 --> 00:43:28,770
used in the construction business
 

1691
00:43:28,770 --> 00:43:31,500
used in the construction business
because it's something that visually you

1692
00:43:31,500 --> 00:43:31,510
because it's something that visually you
 

1693
00:43:31,510 --> 00:43:35,460
because it's something that visually you
can do particularly with a big boat you

1694
00:43:35,460 --> 00:43:35,470
can do particularly with a big boat you
 

1695
00:43:35,470 --> 00:43:38,880
can do particularly with a big boat you
tighten the nut above yields so what you

1696
00:43:38,880 --> 00:43:38,890
tighten the nut above yields so what you
 

1697
00:43:38,890 --> 00:43:41,130
tighten the nut above yields so what you
do is you taken it to what you think is

1698
00:43:41,130 --> 00:43:41,140
do is you taken it to what you think is
 

1699
00:43:41,140 --> 00:43:45,329
do is you taken it to what you think is
about 75% of ultimate load then put a

1700
00:43:45,329 --> 00:43:45,339
about 75% of ultimate load then put a
 

1701
00:43:45,339 --> 00:43:46,620
about 75% of ultimate load then put a
mark on it

1702
00:43:46,620 --> 00:43:46,630
mark on it
 

1703
00:43:46,630 --> 00:43:50,190
mark on it
then turn the nut an additional 180

1704
00:43:50,190 --> 00:43:50,200
then turn the nut an additional 180
 

1705
00:43:50,200 --> 00:43:53,670
then turn the nut an additional 180
degrees this brings a bolt stress up

1706
00:43:53,670 --> 00:43:53,680
degrees this brings a bolt stress up
 

1707
00:43:53,680 --> 00:43:56,250
degrees this brings a bolt stress up
above yield but below ultimate providing

1708
00:43:56,250 --> 00:43:56,260
above yield but below ultimate providing
 

1709
00:43:56,260 --> 00:43:58,859
above yield but below ultimate providing
the material is ductile so that yield an

1710
00:43:58,859 --> 00:43:58,869
the material is ductile so that yield an
 

1711
00:43:58,869 --> 00:44:03,510
the material is ductile so that yield an
ultimate are far enough apart now that

1712
00:44:03,510 --> 00:44:03,520
ultimate are far enough apart now that
 

1713
00:44:03,520 --> 00:44:06,359
ultimate are far enough apart now that
is not used in the aerospace world

1714
00:44:06,359 --> 00:44:06,369
is not used in the aerospace world
 

1715
00:44:06,369 --> 00:44:08,270
is not used in the aerospace world
because you don't risk stuff like that

1716
00:44:08,270 --> 00:44:08,280
because you don't risk stuff like that
 

1717
00:44:08,280 --> 00:44:11,789
because you don't risk stuff like that
aerospace torque values usually are 50

1718
00:44:11,789 --> 00:44:11,799
aerospace torque values usually are 50
 

1719
00:44:11,799 --> 00:44:15,599
aerospace torque values usually are 50
to 75 percent of yield depending on the

1720
00:44:15,599 --> 00:44:15,609
to 75 percent of yield depending on the
 

1721
00:44:15,609 --> 00:44:18,539
to 75 percent of yield depending on the
application as to whether you have much

1722
00:44:18,539 --> 00:44:18,549
application as to whether you have much
 

1723
00:44:18,549 --> 00:44:22,520
application as to whether you have much
tension on the joint or none and so on

1724
00:44:22,520 --> 00:44:22,530
tension on the joint or none and so on
 

1725
00:44:22,530 --> 00:44:25,079
tension on the joint or none and so on
so that because you still have to check

1726
00:44:25,079 --> 00:44:25,089
so that because you still have to check
 

1727
00:44:25,089 --> 00:44:25,710
so that because you still have to check
for both

1728
00:44:25,710 --> 00:44:25,720
for both
 

1729
00:44:25,720 --> 00:44:28,859
for both
shiron axial load now tightening the

1730
00:44:28,859 --> 00:44:28,869
shiron axial load now tightening the
 

1731
00:44:28,869 --> 00:44:32,630
shiron axial load now tightening the
fastener beyond its yield is risky

1732
00:44:32,630 --> 00:44:32,640
fastener beyond its yield is risky
 

1733
00:44:32,640 --> 00:44:35,070
fastener beyond its yield is risky
because it's so difficult to determine

1734
00:44:35,070 --> 00:44:35,080
because it's so difficult to determine
 

1735
00:44:35,080 --> 00:44:39,000
because it's so difficult to determine
where yield is this is why that if you

1736
00:44:39,000 --> 00:44:39,010
where yield is this is why that if you
 

1737
00:44:39,010 --> 00:44:43,470
where yield is this is why that if you
go look at the definition of yield for a

1738
00:44:43,470 --> 00:44:43,480
go look at the definition of yield for a
 

1739
00:44:43,480 --> 00:44:45,780
go look at the definition of yield for a
material in a something like mil

1740
00:44:45,780 --> 00:44:45,790
material in a something like mil
 

1741
00:44:45,790 --> 00:44:48,180
material in a something like mil
handbook 5 you'll find that it's based

1742
00:44:48,180 --> 00:44:48,190
handbook 5 you'll find that it's based
 

1743
00:44:48,190 --> 00:44:51,530
handbook 5 you'll find that it's based
on two-tenths of a percent permanent set

1744
00:44:51,530 --> 00:44:51,540
on two-tenths of a percent permanent set
 

1745
00:44:51,540 --> 00:44:55,500
on two-tenths of a percent permanent set
because you don't know the track yield

1746
00:44:55,500 --> 00:44:55,510
because you don't know the track yield
 

1747
00:44:55,510 --> 00:44:57,140
because you don't know the track yield
unless you have the thing on a machine

1748
00:44:57,140 --> 00:44:57,150
unless you have the thing on a machine
 

1749
00:44:57,150 --> 00:44:59,640
unless you have the thing on a machine
until after you've exceeded it because

1750
00:44:59,640 --> 00:44:59,650
until after you've exceeded it because
 

1751
00:44:59,650 --> 00:45:03,030
until after you've exceeded it because
you're still going up on your elasticity

1752
00:45:03,030 --> 00:45:03,040
you're still going up on your elasticity
 

1753
00:45:03,040 --> 00:45:07,080
you're still going up on your elasticity
curve and until you pick out from the

1754
00:45:07,080 --> 00:45:07,090
curve and until you pick out from the
 

1755
00:45:07,090 --> 00:45:09,089
curve and until you pick out from the
straight line you don't know you're

1756
00:45:09,089 --> 00:45:09,099
straight line you don't know you're
 

1757
00:45:09,099 --> 00:45:13,470
straight line you don't know you're
above yield so as I mentioned earlier

1758
00:45:13,470 --> 00:45:13,480
above yield so as I mentioned earlier
 

1759
00:45:13,480 --> 00:45:16,140
above yield so as I mentioned earlier
the the usual reason for going up close

1760
00:45:16,140 --> 00:45:16,150
the the usual reason for going up close
 

1761
00:45:16,150 --> 00:45:18,599
the the usual reason for going up close
to the yield is to minimize the fatigue

1762
00:45:18,599 --> 00:45:18,609
to the yield is to minimize the fatigue
 

1763
00:45:18,609 --> 00:45:22,710
to the yield is to minimize the fatigue
effects on fasteners but unless you have

1764
00:45:22,710 --> 00:45:22,720
effects on fasteners but unless you have
 

1765
00:45:22,720 --> 00:45:24,570
effects on fasteners but unless you have
done an awful lot of testing it's not a

1766
00:45:24,570 --> 00:45:24,580
done an awful lot of testing it's not a
 

1767
00:45:24,580 --> 00:45:26,580
done an awful lot of testing it's not a
good idea to go up to the yield point on

1768
00:45:26,580 --> 00:45:26,590
good idea to go up to the yield point on
 

1769
00:45:26,590 --> 00:45:36,050
good idea to go up to the yield point on
a faster now on joint stiffness we have

1770
00:45:36,050 --> 00:45:36,060
a faster now on joint stiffness we have
 

1771
00:45:36,060 --> 00:45:39,890
a faster now on joint stiffness we have
alluded to it many times up to now and

1772
00:45:39,890 --> 00:45:39,900
alluded to it many times up to now and
 

1773
00:45:39,900 --> 00:45:42,300
alluded to it many times up to now and
and we covered the joint loading

1774
00:45:42,300 --> 00:45:42,310
and we covered the joint loading
 

1775
00:45:42,310 --> 00:45:44,579
and we covered the joint loading
diagrams and now we look just look at

1776
00:45:44,579 --> 00:45:44,589
diagrams and now we look just look at
 

1777
00:45:44,589 --> 00:45:46,320
diagrams and now we look just look at
the joint itself as we tighten the

1778
00:45:46,320 --> 00:45:46,330
the joint itself as we tighten the
 

1779
00:45:46,330 --> 00:45:51,300
the joint itself as we tighten the
fasteners John Bickford actually has

1780
00:45:51,300 --> 00:45:51,310
fasteners John Bickford actually has
 

1781
00:45:51,310 --> 00:45:54,510
fasteners John Bickford actually has
used a spring type analogy on this which

1782
00:45:54,510 --> 00:45:54,520
used a spring type analogy on this which
 

1783
00:45:54,520 --> 00:45:55,980
used a spring type analogy on this which
makes it easier to understand because

1784
00:45:55,980 --> 00:45:55,990
makes it easier to understand because
 

1785
00:45:55,990 --> 00:45:58,200
makes it easier to understand because
you take a piece here that has three

1786
00:45:58,200 --> 00:45:58,210
you take a piece here that has three
 

1787
00:45:58,210 --> 00:45:59,730
you take a piece here that has three
different cross sections it's three

1788
00:45:59,730 --> 00:45:59,740
different cross sections it's three
 

1789
00:45:59,740 --> 00:46:01,530
different cross sections it's three
different Springs with the three

1790
00:46:01,530 --> 00:46:01,540
different Springs with the three
 

1791
00:46:01,540 --> 00:46:04,290
different Springs with the three
different spring constants and so you

1792
00:46:04,290 --> 00:46:04,300
different spring constants and so you
 

1793
00:46:04,300 --> 00:46:07,650
different spring constants and so you
can think of a joint or a fastener that

1794
00:46:07,650 --> 00:46:07,660
can think of a joint or a fastener that
 

1795
00:46:07,660 --> 00:46:18,710
can think of a joint or a fastener that
way and here is another one with the

1796
00:46:18,710 --> 00:46:18,720
way and here is another one with the
 

1797
00:46:18,720 --> 00:46:26,900
way and here is another one with the
joint stiffness

1798
00:46:26,900 --> 00:46:26,910

 

1799
00:46:26,910 --> 00:46:31,410

next page I thought I thought we'd had a

1800
00:46:31,410 --> 00:46:31,420
next page I thought I thought we'd had a
 

1801
00:46:31,420 --> 00:46:37,219
next page I thought I thought we'd had a
stop a glitch during things okay alright

1802
00:46:37,219 --> 00:46:37,229
stop a glitch during things okay alright
 

1803
00:46:37,229 --> 00:46:40,349
stop a glitch during things okay alright
well so the alright that this one's 101

1804
00:46:40,349 --> 00:46:40,359
well so the alright that this one's 101
 

1805
00:46:40,359 --> 00:46:41,849
well so the alright that this one's 101
but just leave that not for anyway

1806
00:46:41,849 --> 00:46:41,859
but just leave that not for anyway
 

1807
00:46:41,859 --> 00:46:45,479
but just leave that not for anyway
here is here's another thing that kind

1808
00:46:45,479 --> 00:46:45,489
here is here's another thing that kind
 

1809
00:46:45,489 --> 00:46:48,749
here is here's another thing that kind
of shows you here the concept again of a

1810
00:46:48,749 --> 00:46:48,759
of shows you here the concept again of a
 

1811
00:46:48,759 --> 00:46:51,269
of shows you here the concept again of a
large spring representing the joint and

1812
00:46:51,269 --> 00:46:51,279
large spring representing the joint and
 

1813
00:46:51,279 --> 00:46:53,579
large spring representing the joint and
a fasteners a little little tiny spring

1814
00:46:53,579 --> 00:46:53,589
a fasteners a little little tiny spring
 

1815
00:46:53,589 --> 00:46:55,049
a fasteners a little little tiny spring
that's trying to compress the big one

1816
00:46:55,049 --> 00:46:55,059
that's trying to compress the big one
 

1817
00:46:55,059 --> 00:46:59,670
that's trying to compress the big one
and of course do keep the fasteners out

1818
00:46:59,670 --> 00:46:59,680
and of course do keep the fasteners out
 

1819
00:46:59,680 --> 00:47:02,309
and of course do keep the fasteners out
of trouble you want their stiffness

1820
00:47:02,309 --> 00:47:02,319
of trouble you want their stiffness
 

1821
00:47:02,319 --> 00:47:05,190
of trouble you want their stiffness
ratio to to the joint to be a pretty

1822
00:47:05,190 --> 00:47:05,200
ratio to to the joint to be a pretty
 

1823
00:47:05,200 --> 00:47:07,829
ratio to to the joint to be a pretty
large differential and there's there's

1824
00:47:07,829 --> 00:47:07,839
large differential and there's there's
 

1825
00:47:07,839 --> 00:47:09,779
large differential and there's there's
just showing clamping force all right

1826
00:47:09,779 --> 00:47:09,789
just showing clamping force all right
 

1827
00:47:09,789 --> 00:47:11,130
just showing clamping force all right
now you can leave yours up over there

1828
00:47:11,130 --> 00:47:11,140
now you can leave yours up over there
 

1829
00:47:11,140 --> 00:47:13,469
now you can leave yours up over there
and we'll go to the next one here and

1830
00:47:13,469 --> 00:47:13,479
and we'll go to the next one here and
 

1831
00:47:13,479 --> 00:47:17,039
and we'll go to the next one here and
which we look at a boat remember in

1832
00:47:17,039 --> 00:47:17,049
which we look at a boat remember in
 

1833
00:47:17,049 --> 00:47:22,279
which we look at a boat remember in
school you had calculating the expansion

1834
00:47:22,279 --> 00:47:22,289
school you had calculating the expansion
 

1835
00:47:22,289 --> 00:47:27,509
school you had calculating the expansion
our tensile elongation on a rod and the

1836
00:47:27,509 --> 00:47:27,519
our tensile elongation on a rod and the
 

1837
00:47:27,519 --> 00:47:29,940
our tensile elongation on a rod and the
Delta L or change in length was just PL

1838
00:47:29,940 --> 00:47:29,950
Delta L or change in length was just PL
 

1839
00:47:29,950 --> 00:47:33,509
Delta L or change in length was just PL
over AE where P is the axial load ELLs

1840
00:47:33,509 --> 00:47:33,519
over AE where P is the axial load ELLs
 

1841
00:47:33,519 --> 00:47:37,140
over AE where P is the axial load ELLs
of the elastic length and a is the rock

1842
00:47:37,140 --> 00:47:37,150
of the elastic length and a is the rock
 

1843
00:47:37,150 --> 00:47:39,059
of the elastic length and a is the rock
cross-section and ease the modulus of

1844
00:47:39,059 --> 00:47:39,069
cross-section and ease the modulus of
 

1845
00:47:39,069 --> 00:47:43,849
cross-section and ease the modulus of
elasticity and so if you apply this to a

1846
00:47:43,849 --> 00:47:43,859
elasticity and so if you apply this to a
 

1847
00:47:43,859 --> 00:47:48,569
elasticity and so if you apply this to a
a bolt you can calculate these Delta

1848
00:47:48,569 --> 00:47:48,579
a bolt you can calculate these Delta
 

1849
00:47:48,579 --> 00:47:51,299
a bolt you can calculate these Delta
ELLs for different cross sections and

1850
00:47:51,299 --> 00:47:51,309
ELLs for different cross sections and
 

1851
00:47:51,309 --> 00:47:53,309
ELLs for different cross sections and
their lengths and John Bickford uses an

1852
00:47:53,309 --> 00:47:53,319
their lengths and John Bickford uses an
 

1853
00:47:53,319 --> 00:47:57,059
their lengths and John Bickford uses an
extreme here on the next page in which

1854
00:47:57,059 --> 00:47:57,069
extreme here on the next page in which
 

1855
00:47:57,069 --> 00:47:58,680
extreme here on the next page in which
he took a bolt that had been machined

1856
00:47:58,680 --> 00:47:58,690
he took a bolt that had been machined
 

1857
00:47:58,690 --> 00:48:01,489
he took a bolt that had been machined
all over the place and he calculated a

1858
00:48:01,489 --> 00:48:01,499
all over the place and he calculated a
 

1859
00:48:01,499 --> 00:48:06,359
all over the place and he calculated a
delta L based on all these different L

1860
00:48:06,359 --> 00:48:06,369
delta L based on all these different L
 

1861
00:48:06,369 --> 00:48:09,959
delta L based on all these different L
over a ratios since since P and E are

1862
00:48:09,959 --> 00:48:09,969
over a ratios since since P and E are
 

1863
00:48:09,969 --> 00:48:13,589
over a ratios since since P and E are
constant so that that is how you can

1864
00:48:13,589 --> 00:48:13,599
constant so that that is how you can
 

1865
00:48:13,599 --> 00:48:17,519
constant so that that is how you can
arrive at a joint stiffness value for

1866
00:48:17,519 --> 00:48:17,529
arrive at a joint stiffness value for
 

1867
00:48:17,529 --> 00:48:20,670
arrive at a joint stiffness value for
the bolt now I mean the stiffness from

1868
00:48:20,670 --> 00:48:20,680
the bolt now I mean the stiffness from
 

1869
00:48:20,680 --> 00:48:22,259
the bolt now I mean the stiffness from
the bolt but now when you go to the

1870
00:48:22,259 --> 00:48:22,269
the bolt but now when you go to the
 

1871
00:48:22,269 --> 00:48:25,799
the bolt but now when you go to the
joint there's where the authors disagree

1872
00:48:25,799 --> 00:48:25,809
joint there's where the authors disagree
 

1873
00:48:25,809 --> 00:48:29,999
joint there's where the authors disagree
and there's all sorts of things so here

1874
00:48:29,999 --> 00:48:30,009
and there's all sorts of things so here
 

1875
00:48:30,009 --> 00:48:33,150
and there's all sorts of things so here
are three different types of models if

1876
00:48:33,150 --> 00:48:33,160
are three different types of models if
 

1877
00:48:33,160 --> 00:48:35,900
are three different types of models if
you will that are used to calculate

1878
00:48:35,900 --> 00:48:35,910
you will that are used to calculate
 

1879
00:48:35,910 --> 00:48:37,920
you will that are used to calculate
joint stiffness

1880
00:48:37,920 --> 00:48:37,930
joint stiffness
 

1881
00:48:37,930 --> 00:48:41,250
joint stiffness
the spear although it was listed I

1882
00:48:41,250 --> 00:48:41,260
the spear although it was listed I
 

1883
00:48:41,260 --> 00:48:44,120
the spear although it was listed I
couldn't find any equations for it the

1884
00:48:44,120 --> 00:48:44,130
couldn't find any equations for it the
 

1885
00:48:44,130 --> 00:48:46,950
couldn't find any equations for it the
cylinder is used a lot and the cone is

1886
00:48:46,950 --> 00:48:46,960
cylinder is used a lot and the cone is
 

1887
00:48:46,960 --> 00:48:51,570
cylinder is used a lot and the cone is
used a lot and there are various ways of

1888
00:48:51,570 --> 00:48:51,580
used a lot and there are various ways of
 

1889
00:48:51,580 --> 00:48:53,490
used a lot and there are various ways of
calculating the stiffness now what I'm

1890
00:48:53,490 --> 00:48:53,500
calculating the stiffness now what I'm
 

1891
00:48:53,500 --> 00:48:55,200
calculating the stiffness now what I'm
talking about is if you look at these

1892
00:48:55,200 --> 00:48:55,210
talking about is if you look at these
 

1893
00:48:55,210 --> 00:48:58,050
talking about is if you look at these
the hole here represents the hole where

1894
00:48:58,050 --> 00:48:58,060
the hole here represents the hole where
 

1895
00:48:58,060 --> 00:49:06,740
the hole here represents the hole where
the bolt would go through okay

1896
00:49:06,740 --> 00:49:06,750
the bolt would go through okay
 

1897
00:49:06,750 --> 00:49:10,050
the bolt would go through okay
now john Bickford uses the cylindrical

1898
00:49:10,050 --> 00:49:10,060
now john Bickford uses the cylindrical
 

1899
00:49:10,060 --> 00:49:12,690
now john Bickford uses the cylindrical
model with a modification for eccentric

1900
00:49:12,690 --> 00:49:12,700
model with a modification for eccentric
 

1901
00:49:12,700 --> 00:49:15,330
model with a modification for eccentric
loading at or near the edge of the joint

1902
00:49:15,330 --> 00:49:15,340
loading at or near the edge of the joint
 

1903
00:49:15,340 --> 00:49:19,050
loading at or near the edge of the joint
and that is if you are wanting to use a

1904
00:49:19,050 --> 00:49:19,060
and that is if you are wanting to use a
 

1905
00:49:19,060 --> 00:49:23,340
and that is if you are wanting to use a
circle and the bolt is close enough to

1906
00:49:23,340 --> 00:49:23,350
circle and the bolt is close enough to
 

1907
00:49:23,350 --> 00:49:28,110
circle and the bolt is close enough to
the edge that you can't get the diameter

1908
00:49:28,110 --> 00:49:28,120
the edge that you can't get the diameter
 

1909
00:49:28,120 --> 00:49:29,940
the edge that you can't get the diameter
circle you want you can put in a fudge

1910
00:49:29,940 --> 00:49:29,950
circle you want you can put in a fudge
 

1911
00:49:29,950 --> 00:49:31,830
circle you want you can put in a fudge
factor for the fact that you're closer

1912
00:49:31,830 --> 00:49:31,840
factor for the fact that you're closer
 

1913
00:49:31,840 --> 00:49:34,800
factor for the fact that you're closer
to the edge then you should be and this

1914
00:49:34,800 --> 00:49:34,810
to the edge then you should be and this
 

1915
00:49:34,810 --> 00:49:39,240
to the edge then you should be and this
brings up another standard which is used

1916
00:49:39,240 --> 00:49:39,250
brings up another standard which is used
 

1917
00:49:39,250 --> 00:49:41,160
brings up another standard which is used
a lot in the industrial world but

1918
00:49:41,160 --> 00:49:41,170
a lot in the industrial world but
 

1919
00:49:41,170 --> 00:49:43,680
a lot in the industrial world but
difficult to obtain so I found out is

1920
00:49:43,680 --> 00:49:43,690
difficult to obtain so I found out is
 

1921
00:49:43,690 --> 00:49:48,060
difficult to obtain so I found out is
the German standard Vern Dutch your

1922
00:49:48,060 --> 00:49:48,070
the German standard Vern Dutch your
 

1923
00:49:48,070 --> 00:49:51,570
the German standard Vern Dutch your
engineer or other otherwise known as VDI

1924
00:49:51,570 --> 00:49:51,580
engineer or other otherwise known as VDI
 

1925
00:49:51,580 --> 00:49:54,240
engineer or other otherwise known as VDI
since nobody could pronounce it that is

1926
00:49:54,240 --> 00:49:54,250
since nobody could pronounce it that is
 

1927
00:49:54,250 --> 00:49:56,940
since nobody could pronounce it that is
a standard for doing calculations on

1928
00:49:56,940 --> 00:49:56,950
a standard for doing calculations on
 

1929
00:49:56,950 --> 00:49:59,010
a standard for doing calculations on
fasteners that are loading the joint

1930
00:49:59,010 --> 00:49:59,020
fasteners that are loading the joint
 

1931
00:49:59,020 --> 00:50:01,170
fasteners that are loading the joint
stiffness and all that type of thing and

1932
00:50:01,170 --> 00:50:01,180
stiffness and all that type of thing and
 

1933
00:50:01,180 --> 00:50:06,570
stiffness and all that type of thing and
I have a copy of it but I had to get it

1934
00:50:06,570 --> 00:50:06,580
I have a copy of it but I had to get it
 

1935
00:50:06,580 --> 00:50:07,680
I have a copy of it but I had to get it
through the back door because the

1936
00:50:07,680 --> 00:50:07,690
through the back door because the
 

1937
00:50:07,690 --> 00:50:11,810
through the back door because the
library couldn't find a copy in English

1938
00:50:11,810 --> 00:50:11,820

 

1939
00:50:11,820 --> 00:50:15,210

sigelei who wrote a lot of books on

1940
00:50:15,210 --> 00:50:15,220
sigelei who wrote a lot of books on
 

1941
00:50:15,220 --> 00:50:18,000
sigelei who wrote a lot of books on
engineering uses the cone frustum model

1942
00:50:18,000 --> 00:50:18,010
engineering uses the cone frustum model
 

1943
00:50:18,010 --> 00:50:20,820
engineering uses the cone frustum model
with a cone angle 45 degrees measured

1944
00:50:20,820 --> 00:50:20,830
with a cone angle 45 degrees measured
 

1945
00:50:20,830 --> 00:50:23,310
with a cone angle 45 degrees measured
from the bolt center line and then nasa

1946
00:50:23,310 --> 00:50:23,320
from the bolt center line and then nasa
 

1947
00:50:23,320 --> 00:50:25,920
from the bolt center line and then nasa
langley had had another set up using a

1948
00:50:25,920 --> 00:50:25,930
langley had had another set up using a
 

1949
00:50:25,930 --> 00:50:27,210
langley had had another set up using a
straight cylinder with three different

1950
00:50:27,210 --> 00:50:27,220
straight cylinder with three different
 

1951
00:50:27,220 --> 00:50:29,220
straight cylinder with three different
equations depending on the minimum edge

1952
00:50:29,220 --> 00:50:29,230
equations depending on the minimum edge
 

1953
00:50:29,230 --> 00:50:31,710
equations depending on the minimum edge
distance of the shortest side of the

1954
00:50:31,710 --> 00:50:31,720
distance of the shortest side of the
 

1955
00:50:31,720 --> 00:50:36,780
distance of the shortest side of the
joint then another guy of the name of

1956
00:50:36,780 --> 00:50:36,790
joint then another guy of the name of
 

1957
00:50:36,790 --> 00:50:42,720
joint then another guy of the name of
alexander blake uses a cone angle with

1958
00:50:42,720 --> 00:50:42,730
alexander blake uses a cone angle with
 

1959
00:50:42,730 --> 00:50:45,150
alexander blake uses a cone angle with
angle determined by a line drawn from

1960
00:50:45,150 --> 00:50:45,160
angle determined by a line drawn from
 

1961
00:50:45,160 --> 00:50:49,070
angle determined by a line drawn from
the outer edge of the flat of the head

1962
00:50:49,070 --> 00:50:49,080
the outer edge of the flat of the head
 

1963
00:50:49,080 --> 00:50:51,660
the outer edge of the flat of the head
to the centerline of the clamp

1964
00:50:51,660 --> 00:50:51,670
to the centerline of the clamp
 

1965
00:50:51,670 --> 00:50:54,270
to the centerline of the clamp
joint so this is the clamp joint here to

1966
00:50:54,270 --> 00:50:54,280
joint so this is the clamp joint here to
 

1967
00:50:54,280 --> 00:50:56,730
joint so this is the clamp joint here to
here and there's a centerline but for

1968
00:50:56,730 --> 00:50:56,740
here and there's a centerline but for
 

1969
00:50:56,740 --> 00:51:01,950
here and there's a centerline but for
the cone comes to and then using all of

1970
00:51:01,950 --> 00:51:01,960
the cone comes to and then using all of
 

1971
00:51:01,960 --> 00:51:06,270
the cone comes to and then using all of
this stuff all of these measurements to

1972
00:51:06,270 --> 00:51:06,280
this stuff all of these measurements to
 

1973
00:51:06,280 --> 00:51:13,049
this stuff all of these measurements to
calculate a joint stiffness and he comes

1974
00:51:13,049 --> 00:51:13,059
calculate a joint stiffness and he comes
 

1975
00:51:13,059 --> 00:51:16,049
calculate a joint stiffness and he comes
up with a nice nice little equation here

1976
00:51:16,049 --> 00:51:16,059
up with a nice nice little equation here
 

1977
00:51:16,059 --> 00:51:21,480
up with a nice nice little equation here
and this is for a particular angle of 45

1978
00:51:21,480 --> 00:51:21,490
and this is for a particular angle of 45
 

1979
00:51:21,490 --> 00:51:23,640
and this is for a particular angle of 45
degrees I believe here no I'm sorry this

1980
00:51:23,640 --> 00:51:23,650
degrees I believe here no I'm sorry this
 

1981
00:51:23,650 --> 00:51:26,490
degrees I believe here no I'm sorry this
is the shig Lee method on the cone we

1982
00:51:26,490 --> 00:51:26,500
is the shig Lee method on the cone we
 

1983
00:51:26,500 --> 00:51:27,569
is the shig Lee method on the cone we
have the other one I guess in the

1984
00:51:27,569 --> 00:51:27,579
have the other one I guess in the
 

1985
00:51:27,579 --> 00:51:30,450
have the other one I guess in the
appendix but you can have you have an

1986
00:51:30,450 --> 00:51:30,460
appendix but you can have you have an
 

1987
00:51:30,460 --> 00:51:32,819
appendix but you can have you have an
equation there that you can use to

1988
00:51:32,819 --> 00:51:32,829
equation there that you can use to
 

1989
00:51:32,829 --> 00:51:35,069
equation there that you can use to
calculate the joint stiffness so that

1990
00:51:35,069 --> 00:51:35,079
calculate the joint stiffness so that
 

1991
00:51:35,079 --> 00:51:36,539
calculate the joint stiffness so that
you can compare it to your fastener

1992
00:51:36,539 --> 00:51:36,549
you can compare it to your fastener
 

1993
00:51:36,549 --> 00:51:38,579
you can compare it to your fastener
stiffness to decide whether you're in

1994
00:51:38,579 --> 00:51:38,589
stiffness to decide whether you're in
 

1995
00:51:38,589 --> 00:51:45,150
stiffness to decide whether you're in
trouble or not now as far as the joint

1996
00:51:45,150 --> 00:51:45,160
trouble or not now as far as the joint
 

1997
00:51:45,160 --> 00:51:49,200
trouble or not now as far as the joint
stiffness calculations go here's one of

1998
00:51:49,200 --> 00:51:49,210
stiffness calculations go here's one of
 

1999
00:51:49,210 --> 00:51:52,500
stiffness calculations go here's one of
the bad parts about it the affect of

2000
00:51:52,500 --> 00:51:52,510
the bad parts about it the affect of
 

2001
00:51:52,510 --> 00:51:54,630
the bad parts about it the affect of
adjacent fasteners on joint compression

2002
00:51:54,630 --> 00:51:54,640
adjacent fasteners on joint compression
 

2003
00:51:54,640 --> 00:51:56,609
adjacent fasteners on joint compression
is not accounted for in any of these so

2004
00:51:56,609 --> 00:51:56,619
is not accounted for in any of these so
 

2005
00:51:56,619 --> 00:52:02,130
is not accounted for in any of these so
these are all empirical and the there

2006
00:52:02,130 --> 00:52:02,140
these are all empirical and the there
 

2007
00:52:02,140 --> 00:52:05,180
these are all empirical and the there
they're only an indicator then

2008
00:52:05,180 --> 00:52:05,190
they're only an indicator then
 

2009
00:52:05,190 --> 00:52:07,680
they're only an indicator then
unsymmetrical loading under a fastener

2010
00:52:07,680 --> 00:52:07,690
unsymmetrical loading under a fastener
 

2011
00:52:07,690 --> 00:52:09,780
unsymmetrical loading under a fastener
due to edge distance or cutouts is not

2012
00:52:09,780 --> 00:52:09,790
due to edge distance or cutouts is not
 

2013
00:52:09,790 --> 00:52:11,130
due to edge distance or cutouts is not
accounted for in other words you're

2014
00:52:11,130 --> 00:52:11,140
accounted for in other words you're
 

2015
00:52:11,140 --> 00:52:12,990
accounted for in other words you're
using a perfect cone or a perfect

2016
00:52:12,990 --> 00:52:13,000
using a perfect cone or a perfect
 

2017
00:52:13,000 --> 00:52:17,520
using a perfect cone or a perfect
cylinder and then if the bolt and joint

2018
00:52:17,520 --> 00:52:17,530
cylinder and then if the bolt and joint
 

2019
00:52:17,530 --> 00:52:21,120
cylinder and then if the bolt and joint
materials are different the stiffness

2020
00:52:21,120 --> 00:52:21,130
materials are different the stiffness
 

2021
00:52:21,130 --> 00:52:23,880
materials are different the stiffness
calculations must account for the

2022
00:52:23,880 --> 00:52:23,890
calculations must account for the
 

2023
00:52:23,890 --> 00:52:26,760
calculations must account for the
different moduli of elasticity for the

2024
00:52:26,760 --> 00:52:26,770
different moduli of elasticity for the
 

2025
00:52:26,770 --> 00:52:32,849
different moduli of elasticity for the
materials now so so you're in in a

2026
00:52:32,849 --> 00:52:32,859
materials now so so you're in in a
 

2027
00:52:32,859 --> 00:52:35,010
materials now so so you're in in a
little bit of trouble there on getting

2028
00:52:35,010 --> 00:52:35,020
little bit of trouble there on getting
 

2029
00:52:35,020 --> 00:52:40,730
little bit of trouble there on getting
these however things could be worse here

2030
00:52:40,730 --> 00:52:40,740
these however things could be worse here
 

2031
00:52:40,740 --> 00:52:43,680
these however things could be worse here
are some of the things you can do first

2032
00:52:43,680 --> 00:52:43,690
are some of the things you can do first
 

2033
00:52:43,690 --> 00:52:46,109
are some of the things you can do first
try just a simple cylinder with a radius

2034
00:52:46,109 --> 00:52:46,119
try just a simple cylinder with a radius
 

2035
00:52:46,119 --> 00:52:48,120
try just a simple cylinder with a radius
equal to the shortest edge distance the

2036
00:52:48,120 --> 00:52:48,130
equal to the shortest edge distance the
 

2037
00:52:48,130 --> 00:52:52,380
equal to the shortest edge distance the
fasteners this is called the barrett

2038
00:52:52,380 --> 00:52:52,390
fasteners this is called the barrett
 

2039
00:52:52,390 --> 00:52:54,930
fasteners this is called the barrett
theory of least work don't do any more

2040
00:52:54,930 --> 00:52:54,940
theory of least work don't do any more
 

2041
00:52:54,940 --> 00:52:57,890
theory of least work don't do any more
than you have to to show something good

2042
00:52:57,890 --> 00:52:57,900
than you have to to show something good
 

2043
00:52:57,900 --> 00:53:00,510
than you have to to show something good
if this stiffness is satisfactory

2044
00:53:00,510 --> 00:53:00,520
if this stiffness is satisfactory
 

2045
00:53:00,520 --> 00:53:02,970
if this stiffness is satisfactory
compared to the fastener don't go any

2046
00:53:02,970 --> 00:53:02,980
compared to the fastener don't go any
 

2047
00:53:02,980 --> 00:53:04,540
compared to the fastener don't go any
further go with it

2048
00:53:04,540 --> 00:53:04,550
further go with it
 

2049
00:53:04,550 --> 00:53:06,820
further go with it
if the simple cylinder is not

2050
00:53:06,820 --> 00:53:06,830
if the simple cylinder is not
 

2051
00:53:06,830 --> 00:53:09,460
if the simple cylinder is not
satisfactory add a washer with a

2052
00:53:09,460 --> 00:53:09,470
satisfactory add a washer with a
 

2053
00:53:09,470 --> 00:53:11,350
satisfactory add a washer with a
diameter larger than the fastener head

2054
00:53:11,350 --> 00:53:11,360
diameter larger than the fastener head
 

2055
00:53:11,360 --> 00:53:13,090
diameter larger than the fastener head
to kind of spread out the radius on your

2056
00:53:13,090 --> 00:53:13,100
to kind of spread out the radius on your
 

2057
00:53:13,100 --> 00:53:17,430
to kind of spread out the radius on your
cylinder then check it for that and

2058
00:53:17,430 --> 00:53:17,440
cylinder then check it for that and
 

2059
00:53:17,440 --> 00:53:19,930
cylinder then check it for that and
check the compressive stress under the

2060
00:53:19,930 --> 00:53:19,940
check the compressive stress under the
 

2061
00:53:19,940 --> 00:53:22,120
check the compressive stress under the
head contact area to make sure that the

2062
00:53:22,120 --> 00:53:22,130
head contact area to make sure that the
 

2063
00:53:22,130 --> 00:53:24,490
head contact area to make sure that the
compressive yield will not occur under

2064
00:53:24,490 --> 00:53:24,500
compressive yield will not occur under
 

2065
00:53:24,500 --> 00:53:30,400
compressive yield will not occur under
the maximum clamping load and then if

2066
00:53:30,400 --> 00:53:30,410
the maximum clamping load and then if
 

2067
00:53:30,410 --> 00:53:34,720
the maximum clamping load and then if
all else fails go do the calculations if

2068
00:53:34,720 --> 00:53:34,730
all else fails go do the calculations if
 

2069
00:53:34,730 --> 00:53:38,820
all else fails go do the calculations if
it is critical enough now in most cases

2070
00:53:38,820 --> 00:53:38,830
it is critical enough now in most cases
 

2071
00:53:38,830 --> 00:53:42,040
it is critical enough now in most cases
you are not critical enough that you

2072
00:53:42,040 --> 00:53:42,050
you are not critical enough that you
 

2073
00:53:42,050 --> 00:53:44,830
you are not critical enough that you
would have to go to a lot of lengths on

2074
00:53:44,830 --> 00:53:44,840
would have to go to a lot of lengths on
 

2075
00:53:44,840 --> 00:53:47,260
would have to go to a lot of lengths on
the difference between the fastener

2076
00:53:47,260 --> 00:53:47,270
the difference between the fastener
 

2077
00:53:47,270 --> 00:53:49,420
the difference between the fastener
stiffness and joint stiffness only a

2078
00:53:49,420 --> 00:53:49,430
stiffness and joint stiffness only a
 

2079
00:53:49,430 --> 00:53:52,420
stiffness and joint stiffness only a
rare case is now one of the things that

2080
00:53:52,420 --> 00:53:52,430
rare case is now one of the things that
 

2081
00:53:52,430 --> 00:53:54,730
rare case is now one of the things that
you want to be aware of is don't use a

2082
00:53:54,730 --> 00:53:54,740
you want to be aware of is don't use a
 

2083
00:53:54,740 --> 00:54:00,730
you want to be aware of is don't use a
big fat fastener on a thin joint because

2084
00:54:00,730 --> 00:54:00,740
big fat fastener on a thin joint because
 

2085
00:54:00,740 --> 00:54:02,890
big fat fastener on a thin joint because
chances are then the fastener is going

2086
00:54:02,890 --> 00:54:02,900
chances are then the fastener is going
 

2087
00:54:02,900 --> 00:54:04,390
chances are then the fastener is going
to be stiffer than the joint and you're

2088
00:54:04,390 --> 00:54:04,400
to be stiffer than the joint and you're
 

2089
00:54:04,400 --> 00:54:07,510
to be stiffer than the joint and you're
gonna have trouble you've been in

2090
00:54:07,510 --> 00:54:07,520
gonna have trouble you've been in
 

2091
00:54:07,520 --> 00:54:09,880
gonna have trouble you've been in
trouble on it but you can you can check

2092
00:54:09,880 --> 00:54:09,890
trouble on it but you can you can check
 

2093
00:54:09,890 --> 00:54:12,940
trouble on it but you can you can check
them and see what you've got and if if

2094
00:54:12,940 --> 00:54:12,950
them and see what you've got and if if
 

2095
00:54:12,950 --> 00:54:15,790
them and see what you've got and if if
your ratio is not too bad even for

2096
00:54:15,790 --> 00:54:15,800
your ratio is not too bad even for
 

2097
00:54:15,800 --> 00:54:17,890
your ratio is not too bad even for
taking that short cut method say 5 or

2098
00:54:17,890 --> 00:54:17,900
taking that short cut method say 5 or
 

2099
00:54:17,900 --> 00:54:20,860
taking that short cut method say 5 or
something between fastener and joint go

2100
00:54:20,860 --> 00:54:20,870
something between fastener and joint go
 

2101
00:54:20,870 --> 00:54:25,540
something between fastener and joint go
with it and it should be alright now

2102
00:54:25,540 --> 00:54:25,550
with it and it should be alright now
 

2103
00:54:25,550 --> 00:54:27,900
with it and it should be alright now
indirect reading of fastener tension

2104
00:54:27,900 --> 00:54:27,910
indirect reading of fastener tension
 

2105
00:54:27,910 --> 00:54:30,370
indirect reading of fastener tension
this question is asked how can I

2106
00:54:30,370 --> 00:54:30,380
this question is asked how can I
 

2107
00:54:30,380 --> 00:54:32,380
this question is asked how can I
determine the exact tension I have on a

2108
00:54:32,380 --> 00:54:32,390
determine the exact tension I have on a
 

2109
00:54:32,390 --> 00:54:33,790
determine the exact tension I have on a
fastener for a given torque

2110
00:54:33,790 --> 00:54:33,800
fastener for a given torque
 

2111
00:54:33,800 --> 00:54:38,020
fastener for a given torque
well the direct reading is possible but

2112
00:54:38,020 --> 00:54:38,030
well the direct reading is possible but
 

2113
00:54:38,030 --> 00:54:40,570
well the direct reading is possible but
it's not economically feasible for most

2114
00:54:40,570 --> 00:54:40,580
it's not economically feasible for most
 

2115
00:54:40,580 --> 00:54:43,690
it's not economically feasible for most
assemblies the technology is there that

2116
00:54:43,690 --> 00:54:43,700
assemblies the technology is there that
 

2117
00:54:43,700 --> 00:54:46,660
assemblies the technology is there that
you can't afford it so the usual

2118
00:54:46,660 --> 00:54:46,670
you can't afford it so the usual
 

2119
00:54:46,670 --> 00:54:50,440
you can't afford it so the usual
compromise is to test fasteners under

2120
00:54:50,440 --> 00:54:50,450
compromise is to test fasteners under
 

2121
00:54:50,450 --> 00:54:52,270
compromise is to test fasteners under
the closest actual installation

2122
00:54:52,270 --> 00:54:52,280
the closest actual installation
 

2123
00:54:52,280 --> 00:54:55,360
the closest actual installation
conditions that you can come up with and

2124
00:54:55,360 --> 00:54:55,370
conditions that you can come up with and
 

2125
00:54:55,370 --> 00:54:58,030
conditions that you can come up with and
determine a torque value then use that

2126
00:54:58,030 --> 00:54:58,040
determine a torque value then use that
 

2127
00:54:58,040 --> 00:54:59,980
determine a torque value then use that
torque value for your production

2128
00:54:59,980 --> 00:54:59,990
torque value for your production
 

2129
00:54:59,990 --> 00:55:03,580
torque value for your production
assemblies and so we'll cover a couple

2130
00:55:03,580 --> 00:55:03,590
assemblies and so we'll cover a couple
 

2131
00:55:03,590 --> 00:55:09,760
assemblies and so we'll cover a couple
of the upper three here of the direct

2132
00:55:09,760 --> 00:55:09,770
of the upper three here of the direct
 

2133
00:55:09,770 --> 00:55:13,390
of the upper three here of the direct
tension measurements now this one an

2134
00:55:13,390 --> 00:55:13,400
tension measurements now this one an
 

2135
00:55:13,400 --> 00:55:17,549
tension measurements now this one an
ultrasonic that's a good one

2136
00:55:17,549 --> 00:55:17,559
ultrasonic that's a good one
 

2137
00:55:17,559 --> 00:55:19,839
ultrasonic that's a good one
transducers mounted to the head of the

2138
00:55:19,839 --> 00:55:19,849
transducers mounted to the head of the
 

2139
00:55:19,849 --> 00:55:23,469
transducers mounted to the head of the
boat but as the bullet elongates the

2140
00:55:23,469 --> 00:55:23,479
boat but as the bullet elongates the
 

2141
00:55:23,479 --> 00:55:26,019
boat but as the bullet elongates the
travel time for the sound you know the

2142
00:55:26,019 --> 00:55:26,029
travel time for the sound you know the
 

2143
00:55:26,029 --> 00:55:28,089
travel time for the sound you know the
way ultrasonics work you bounce it off

2144
00:55:28,089 --> 00:55:28,099
way ultrasonics work you bounce it off
 

2145
00:55:28,099 --> 00:55:30,759
way ultrasonics work you bounce it off
of the back surface and back so if you

2146
00:55:30,759 --> 00:55:30,769
of the back surface and back so if you
 

2147
00:55:30,769 --> 00:55:32,829
of the back surface and back so if you
increase the length of the thing it

2148
00:55:32,829 --> 00:55:32,839
increase the length of the thing it
 

2149
00:55:32,839 --> 00:55:35,829
increase the length of the thing it
takes longer for thee for the ultrasonic

2150
00:55:35,829 --> 00:55:35,839
takes longer for thee for the ultrasonic
 

2151
00:55:35,839 --> 00:55:38,229
takes longer for thee for the ultrasonic
wave to get there and back so that is a

2152
00:55:38,229 --> 00:55:38,239
wave to get there and back so that is a
 

2153
00:55:38,239 --> 00:55:40,329
wave to get there and back so that is a
you can get a direct correlation between

2154
00:55:40,329 --> 00:55:40,339
you can get a direct correlation between
 

2155
00:55:40,339 --> 00:55:42,700
you can get a direct correlation between
the elongation of the boat which knowing

2156
00:55:42,700 --> 00:55:42,710
the elongation of the boat which knowing
 

2157
00:55:42,710 --> 00:55:44,319
the elongation of the boat which knowing
the cross-sectional area will give you

2158
00:55:44,319 --> 00:55:44,329
the cross-sectional area will give you
 

2159
00:55:44,329 --> 00:55:48,999
the cross-sectional area will give you
the stress well that's a very good thing

2160
00:55:48,999 --> 00:55:49,009
the stress well that's a very good thing
 

2161
00:55:49,009 --> 00:55:52,539
the stress well that's a very good thing
but the major drawback to it is you've

2162
00:55:52,539 --> 00:55:52,549
but the major drawback to it is you've
 

2163
00:55:52,549 --> 00:55:54,009
but the major drawback to it is you've
got to have the smooth surface to attach

2164
00:55:54,009 --> 00:55:54,019
got to have the smooth surface to attach
 

2165
00:55:54,019 --> 00:55:56,620
got to have the smooth surface to attach
it to because if you remember even if

2166
00:55:56,620 --> 00:55:56,630
it to because if you remember even if
 

2167
00:55:56,630 --> 00:56:00,640
it to because if you remember even if
you go in and have your heart checked or

2168
00:56:00,640 --> 00:56:00,650
you go in and have your heart checked or
 

2169
00:56:00,650 --> 00:56:02,170
you go in and have your heart checked or
something like that that they use an

2170
00:56:02,170 --> 00:56:02,180
something like that that they use an
 

2171
00:56:02,180 --> 00:56:05,380
something like that that they use an
ultrasonic fluid that they put on on

2172
00:56:05,380 --> 00:56:05,390
ultrasonic fluid that they put on on
 

2173
00:56:05,390 --> 00:56:08,200
ultrasonic fluid that they put on on
your body so that because you've got to

2174
00:56:08,200 --> 00:56:08,210
your body so that because you've got to
 

2175
00:56:08,210 --> 00:56:10,630
your body so that because you've got to
have a medium for it to go through so

2176
00:56:10,630 --> 00:56:10,640
have a medium for it to go through so
 

2177
00:56:10,640 --> 00:56:12,279
have a medium for it to go through so
you have to have a nice smooth surface

2178
00:56:12,279 --> 00:56:12,289
you have to have a nice smooth surface
 

2179
00:56:12,289 --> 00:56:15,069
you have to have a nice smooth surface
and then you have to have some sort of a

2180
00:56:15,069 --> 00:56:15,079
and then you have to have some sort of a
 

2181
00:56:15,079 --> 00:56:17,319
and then you have to have some sort of a
gel on there to put your transducer on

2182
00:56:17,319 --> 00:56:17,329
gel on there to put your transducer on
 

2183
00:56:17,329 --> 00:56:22,089
gel on there to put your transducer on
get it to hold so now what do you do if

2184
00:56:22,089 --> 00:56:22,099
get it to hold so now what do you do if
 

2185
00:56:22,099 --> 00:56:23,979
get it to hold so now what do you do if
you got a socket head Bowl you don't

2186
00:56:23,979 --> 00:56:23,989
you got a socket head Bowl you don't
 

2187
00:56:23,989 --> 00:56:28,319
you got a socket head Bowl you don't
have any place to attach the thing so

2188
00:56:28,319 --> 00:56:28,329

 

2189
00:56:28,329 --> 00:56:31,479

then once the bolt is calibrated for a

2190
00:56:31,479 --> 00:56:31,489
then once the bolt is calibrated for a
 

2191
00:56:31,489 --> 00:56:34,509
then once the bolt is calibrated for a
zero load you have to disconnect the

2192
00:56:34,509 --> 00:56:34,519
zero load you have to disconnect the
 

2193
00:56:34,519 --> 00:56:36,339
zero load you have to disconnect the
transducer in order to Terk the bolt

2194
00:56:36,339 --> 00:56:36,349
transducer in order to Terk the bolt
 

2195
00:56:36,349 --> 00:56:37,930
transducer in order to Terk the bolt
down to the load you want so that you

2196
00:56:37,930 --> 00:56:37,940
down to the load you want so that you
 

2197
00:56:37,940 --> 00:56:40,690
down to the load you want so that you
can measure it again so this one is is a

2198
00:56:40,690 --> 00:56:40,700
can measure it again so this one is is a
 

2199
00:56:40,700 --> 00:56:43,870
can measure it again so this one is is a
good method but it's not really

2200
00:56:43,870 --> 00:56:43,880
good method but it's not really
 

2201
00:56:43,880 --> 00:56:51,299
good method but it's not really
practical to do in most applications

2202
00:56:51,299 --> 00:56:51,309

 

2203
00:56:51,309 --> 00:56:55,599

neck next one is direct scaling now that

2204
00:56:55,599 --> 00:56:55,609
neck next one is direct scaling now that
 

2205
00:56:55,609 --> 00:56:57,519
neck next one is direct scaling now that
we had mentioned that earlier in which

2206
00:56:57,519 --> 00:56:57,529
we had mentioned that earlier in which
 

2207
00:56:57,529 --> 00:56:59,920
we had mentioned that earlier in which
where both ends of the installed bolt

2208
00:56:59,920 --> 00:56:59,930
where both ends of the installed bolt
 

2209
00:56:59,930 --> 00:57:02,049
where both ends of the installed bolt
are accessible such as pipe flange you

2210
00:57:02,049 --> 00:57:02,059
are accessible such as pipe flange you
 

2211
00:57:02,059 --> 00:57:03,759
are accessible such as pipe flange you
can actually measure the bolt and

2212
00:57:03,759 --> 00:57:03,769
can actually measure the bolt and
 

2213
00:57:03,769 --> 00:57:05,890
can actually measure the bolt and
subtract out the dead areas that are on

2214
00:57:05,890 --> 00:57:05,900
subtract out the dead areas that are on
 

2215
00:57:05,900 --> 00:57:10,180
subtract out the dead areas that are on
the the outside of the nut the heads and

2216
00:57:10,180 --> 00:57:10,190
the the outside of the nut the heads and
 

2217
00:57:10,190 --> 00:57:12,670
the the outside of the nut the heads and
so on and use the elongation there of

2218
00:57:12,670 --> 00:57:12,680
so on and use the elongation there of
 

2219
00:57:12,680 --> 00:57:16,539
so on and use the elongation there of
the boat to arrive at a load then of

2220
00:57:16,539 --> 00:57:16,549
the boat to arrive at a load then of
 

2221
00:57:16,549 --> 00:57:18,579
the boat to arrive at a load then of
course these direct tension indicating

2222
00:57:18,579 --> 00:57:18,589
course these direct tension indicating
 

2223
00:57:18,589 --> 00:57:21,249
course these direct tension indicating
washers that we covered in the washer

2224
00:57:21,249 --> 00:57:21,259
washers that we covered in the washer
 

2225
00:57:21,259 --> 00:57:24,789
washers that we covered in the washer
section those are used successfully in

2226
00:57:24,789 --> 00:57:24,799
section those are used successfully in
 

2227
00:57:24,799 --> 00:57:26,559
section those are used successfully in
the construction business because you

2228
00:57:26,559 --> 00:57:26,569
the construction business because you
 

2229
00:57:26,569 --> 00:57:28,839
the construction business because you
take a feeler gauge and inspect keep

2230
00:57:28,839 --> 00:57:28,849
take a feeler gauge and inspect keep
 

2231
00:57:28,849 --> 00:57:30,850
take a feeler gauge and inspect keep
talking until you get a gap of a certain

2232
00:57:30,850 --> 00:57:30,860
talking until you get a gap of a certain
 

2233
00:57:30,860 --> 00:57:37,980
talking until you get a gap of a certain
sighs and you have loads that you want

2234
00:57:37,980 --> 00:57:37,990

 

2235
00:57:37,990 --> 00:57:42,340

then we have this test machine by Ralph

2236
00:57:42,340 --> 00:57:42,350
then we have this test machine by Ralph
 

2237
00:57:42,350 --> 00:57:45,430
then we have this test machine by Ralph
shoberg of RS Technologies Farmington

2238
00:57:45,430 --> 00:57:45,440
shoberg of RS Technologies Farmington
 

2239
00:57:45,440 --> 00:57:48,520
shoberg of RS Technologies Farmington
Hills Michigan aides are one of my

2240
00:57:48,520 --> 00:57:48,530
Hills Michigan aides are one of my
 

2241
00:57:48,530 --> 00:57:52,090
Hills Michigan aides are one of my
fellow compadres on the lecture circuit

2242
00:57:52,090 --> 00:57:52,100
fellow compadres on the lecture circuit
 

2243
00:57:52,100 --> 00:57:55,960
fellow compadres on the lecture circuit
on fasteners and he has a machine that

2244
00:57:55,960 --> 00:57:55,970
on fasteners and he has a machine that
 

2245
00:57:55,970 --> 00:57:57,460
on fasteners and he has a machine that
will actually you can throw a bolt in it

2246
00:57:57,460 --> 00:57:57,470
will actually you can throw a bolt in it
 

2247
00:57:57,470 --> 00:58:01,180
will actually you can throw a bolt in it
and it will tell you for a given bolt

2248
00:58:01,180 --> 00:58:01,190
and it will tell you for a given bolt
 

2249
00:58:01,190 --> 00:58:03,910
and it will tell you for a given bolt
the exact amount that you have

2250
00:58:03,910 --> 00:58:03,920
the exact amount that you have
 

2251
00:58:03,920 --> 00:58:07,030
the exact amount that you have
pretension the exact amount for head

2252
00:58:07,030 --> 00:58:07,040
pretension the exact amount for head
 

2253
00:58:07,040 --> 00:58:09,400
pretension the exact amount for head
friction the exact amount for nut

2254
00:58:09,400 --> 00:58:09,410
friction the exact amount for nut
 

2255
00:58:09,410 --> 00:58:12,700
friction the exact amount for nut
friction but the only thing is it'll

2256
00:58:12,700 --> 00:58:12,710
friction but the only thing is it'll
 

2257
00:58:12,710 --> 00:58:15,040
friction but the only thing is it'll
tell you for that bolt it won't tell you

2258
00:58:15,040 --> 00:58:15,050
tell you for that bolt it won't tell you
 

2259
00:58:15,050 --> 00:58:16,540
tell you for that bolt it won't tell you
about your total installation so what

2260
00:58:16,540 --> 00:58:16,550
about your total installation so what
 

2261
00:58:16,550 --> 00:58:19,180
about your total installation so what
you have to do is take a bolt that

2262
00:58:19,180 --> 00:58:19,190
you have to do is take a bolt that
 

2263
00:58:19,190 --> 00:58:22,990
you have to do is take a bolt that
you're going to use and decide what you

2264
00:58:22,990 --> 00:58:23,000
you're going to use and decide what you
 

2265
00:58:23,000 --> 00:58:24,850
you're going to use and decide what you
want to load it to put it in the machine

2266
00:58:24,850 --> 00:58:24,860
want to load it to put it in the machine
 

2267
00:58:24,860 --> 00:58:27,010
want to load it to put it in the machine
and determine what perk it takes to give

2268
00:58:27,010 --> 00:58:27,020
and determine what perk it takes to give
 

2269
00:58:27,020 --> 00:58:29,020
and determine what perk it takes to give
you that stress and then use that for

2270
00:58:29,020 --> 00:58:29,030
you that stress and then use that for
 

2271
00:58:29,030 --> 00:58:32,800
you that stress and then use that for
your installation torque we will take a

2272
00:58:32,800 --> 00:58:32,810
your installation torque we will take a
 

2273
00:58:32,810 --> 00:58:36,940
your installation torque we will take a
break now and resume in a few minutes